The primary objectives of this initiative include broadening participation in STEM workshops, measuring the effect on STEM awareness and interest, and increasing the overall interest and involvement of high school female students in STEM fields. To achieve these objectives, the initiative adopts a multifaceted approach that combines educational workshops, mentorship programs, and community engagement activities. These activities enhance technical skills and instill a sense of belonging and confidence among the participants.

Keywords:

STEM Education, Female Empowerment, Research Assistants, Mentorship, Minority Representation.

Bio

Prof. Hui Fang Huang (Angie) Su, Ed.D., is a distinguished professor in the Department of Education at the Abraham S. Fischler College of Education and School of Criminal Justice. She received the President’s Distinguished Professor of the Year Award 2017-2018. Dr. Su is renowned for creating Project MIND®—Math is Not Difficult, implemented nationwide. She has held leadership roles in educational associations and contributed to mathematics standards development. Dr. Su’s accolades include the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching and the William T. Dwyer Award for Excellence in Teaching, among others.

Abstract

This paper explores an initiative aimed at empowering high school female students in STEM through the integration of female research assistants and student mentorship. The research focuses on the effects of female research assistants in STEM projects on minority female students, aiming to close the achievement gap and improve representation in STEM fields (Estrada et al., 2018). By leveraging the skills and insights of female research assistants, this initiative seeks to create a collaborative and inclusive environment that inspires confidence and fosters interest in STEM among high school girls.

1.0 Introduction

The underrepresentation of women in STEM fields has been a persistent concern, prompting the need for innovative strategies to address gender and minority disparities in these critical domains (Van Sickle et al., 2020). To tackle this challenge, this paper introduces an initiative that utilizes female research assistants and incorporates female college students as mentors. This multifaceted project aims to bridge the gap between academia and high school students.

The underrepresentation of women in STEM fields has been a persistent concern, prompting the need for innovative strategies to address gender and minority disparities in these critical domains (Van Sickle et al., 2020). To tackle this challenge, this paper introduces an initiative that utilizes female research assistants and incorporates female college students as mentors. This multifaceted project aims to bridge the gap between academia and high school students, mainly focusing on high school girls from minority backgrounds, with the overarching goal of closing the achievement gap and fostering increased representation in STEM.

Research consistently underscores the pivotal role of early exposure to STEM topics in cultivating interest and confidence among students pursuing STEM careers (Allen-Ramdial et al., 2017). Building upon this foundation, the initiative seeks to expand successful STEM awareness workshops, previously led solely by female research assistants, to include female college students as mentors. This strategic addition aims to enrich the mentoring aspect by introducing mentors who are closer in age and educational status to high school students.

Including female college students as mentors brings several advantages to the initiative. First and foremost, college mentors can serve as relatable role models, offering tangible proof that a successful journey through STEM education is attainable and rewarding. Their proximity in age allows for more seamless communication, making it easier for high school students to envision themselves pursuing STEM paths. Additionally, college mentors can share personal experiences, challenges, and triumphs, creating a more intimate and empathetic mentorship dynamic.

Expanding the initiative to incorporate female college mentors is particularly significant in targeting a Title One minority school like North Lauderdale High School. The project aims to address systemic challenges and contribute to a more inclusive and equitable educational landscape by intentionally choosing schools facing higher educational disparities. The engagement of college mentors ensures a diversifed support system that understands the unique obstacles minority students face, thereby fostering an environment conducive to academic success and future STEM pursuits.

This paper introduces an innovative initiative leveraging the collective impact of female research assistants and female college student mentors. By doing so, it aims to close the achievement gap, enhance representation in STEM, and create a comprehensive mentorship model that resonates with high school girls, especially those from minority backgrounds. This strategic combination holds the potential to inspire, empower, and guide the next generation of diverse STEM leaders.

2. Background and Significance

Community engagement is a cornerstone of this initiative, involving STEM experts from the community, such as infectious (Van Sickle et al., 2019). The significance of female student research assistants lies in their ability to provide diverse perspectives, serve as role models, encourage confidence, and enhance the impact of STEM projects on high school students (Estrada et al., 2018). The underrepresentation of women in STEM, particularly among minority populations, has been a persistent challenge. A 2019 report from the National Science Board highlighted this issue, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address the disparities and create a more inclusive STEM landscape (NSB, 2019). This initiative aligns with and contributes to the broader national goal of increasing diversity in STEM fields.

2.1 Importance of Female Student Research Assistants

2.1.1 Diverse Perspectives

Female student research assistants bring diverse perspectives to the research process, contributing unique insights and experiences that enrich STEM projects (Lisberg & Woods, 2018). This diversity is crucial for fostering creativity and innovation within the STEM domain.

2.1.2 Role Modeling

The signifcance of female research assistants goes beyond their technical contributions. By serving as role models, these assistants inspire younger students and demonstrate that women can excel in STEM research, thereby challenging stereotypes and breaking down gender barriers (Lisberg & Woods, 2018).

2.1.3 Encouraging Confdence

Creating a supportive and inclusive environment for female researchers fosters confidence, empowering them to pursue STEM careers and contribute to the broader scientific community (Riegle-Crumb & Morton, 2017). Confidence-building is particularly crucial during the formative years of high school, when career aspirations take shape.

2.1.4. Enhancing Project Impact

Female research assistants strengthen the connection between researchers and participants, making STEM projects more relatable to high school students and increasing the project’s overall impact (Robnett & Leaper, 2013). This connection is vital for sustaining interest and engagement throughout the mentorship program.

2.3 Expected Outcomes

Anticipated outcomes include an improved understanding of STEM fields and careers, enhanced critical thinking and problem-solving skills, increased confidence and motivation among high school female students, and improved achievement in school-based STEM curriculum (Bottia et al., 2015). These outcomes align with broader educational goals and contribute to developing a more diverse and skilled future STEM workforce.

2.4 Project Description

The project creates a collaborative and inclusive environment by integrating arts into STEM education based on mathematics and physics principles (Brown et al., 2018). Female high school students from diverse backgrounds actively participate, with the contributions of female student research assistants playing a pivotal role and integrating arts into STEM aims to make the learning experience more engaging and accessible, breaking down barriers that may hinder some students’ initial interest in these fields. The initiative is evaluated using a comprehensive framework that includes pre- and post-assessments, participant surveys, focus groups, and the S-STEM survey (Faber et al., 2013).

2.5 Implementation

2.5.1: Recruitment of Community Experts and STEM Ambassadors

Recruiting community experts and STEM ambassadors ensures the initiative’s success.These individuals bring real-world experiences and diverse perspectives to the program, serving as mentors and role models for the high school participants (Kassaee et al., 2016). The recruitment process involves contacting local businesses, research institutions, and community organizations to identify professionals willing to contribute their time and expertise.

Establishing partnerships with these entities enhances the pool of available mentors and strengthens the connection between the initiative and the broader community. Engaging with professionals from various STEM fields, including infectious disease specialists, engineers, marine biologists, chemists, and environmental scientists, ensures that the mentorship provided aligns with the diverse interests and aspirations of the participating students.

The involvement of STEM ambassadors is crucial for creating a network of support and inspiration. These ambassadors may include successful women in STEM careers, visit schools, participate in workshops, and share their journeys to demonstrate the varied pathways within STEM (Godwin & Potvin, 2017). This multifaceted approach to recruitment contributes to a dynamic and engaging mentorship experience.

2.5.2 Development of an Arts-Integrated Curriculum Based on Mathematics and Physics

The curriculum is at the heart of the initiative, shaping the learning experiences of high school female students. To make STEM more accessible and engaging, the curriculum integrates arts through mathematics and physics principles (Lisberg & Woods, 2018). This interdisciplinary approach not only enhances the creativity and enjoyment of learning but also highlights the interconnected nature of these disciplines.

The curriculum development process involves collaboration between educators, STEM professionals, and arts specialists. Lessons are designed to incorporate artistic elements, such as visualizations, performances, and hands-on projects, that complement mathematical and physical concepts (Brown et al., 2018). For example, geometry principles may be explored through the creation of geometric art, and physics concepts may be illustrated through interactive experiments with artistic components.

The initiative aims to break down traditional barriers between STEM and the arts through this integration, fostering a more holistic understanding of these fields. The curriculum emphasizes the practical applications of mathematical and physical principles, demonstrating their relevance to real-world challenges and encouraging creative problem-solving.

2.5.3 Real-World, Hands-On Experiences:

Incorporating real-world, hands-on experiences is a cornerstone of the initiative, providing high school students with tangible applications of STEM concepts (National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), 2021). These experiences go beyond theoretical learning, allowing participants to witness the practical impact of STEM in various industries and research settings.

The initiative includes on-site, hands-on activities and experiments. These activities, designed in collaboration with STEM university faculty members and experts, enable students to apply theoretical knowledge in a controlled and supportive environment (Tai et al., 2006). For example, a chemistry experiment may involve synthesizing a compound with artistic applications, combining scientific principles with creative expression. In addition to offsite experiences, field trips to local laboratories, research institutions, and industry facilities expose students to the day-to-day operations of STEM professionals. These visits provide valuable insights into the diverse career paths within STEM and showcase the exciting possibilities that await those pursuing these fields.

The emphasis on hands-on experiences is rooted in the belief that actively engaging with STEM concepts fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation for these fields. The initiative aims to ignite curiosity and passion among high school female students by providing opportunities for experimentation and exploration.

The Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering modules were hands-on experiments where students were engaged in performing different experiments:

As part of the Chemistry experiments, an acid-base titration was performed by student groups where a small amount of vinegar (acid) solution was analyzed by neutralizing it with a solution of baking soda (base) (see Figure 1), A vivid change in color when there is a chemical equivalence led to discussion at the fundamental basis of molecular interaction.

When submerged in water, the observation of very tiny polymeric molecular beads of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) swelling to over 50 times their original size (see Figure 2) sparked a conversation about applications. The discussion ranged from water purification not only in space stations but also in places of water scarcity. Students also found that the material inspired the development of sodium acrylate, typically used in diapers, because of its super-absorbing polymeric properties.

In the physics module, students created a standing wave using a giant spring. They produced current by moving a magnet in a coil of wire enough to light.

In the electronics and engineering module, students could participate in group activities that produced the automated plant watering system that involved sensing the moisture in the soil. In addition, each student was handed a kit that contained electronic components to take home and build an Arduino-based electronic nose (E-Nose) (see Figure 3). These projects were individually tested at a later session

Students were able to test the E-noses, and Figure 4 shows an example of a sample signal from alcohol.

The chemistry of perfumes was discussed, and students could experience samples of various essential oil blends. For the chemistry of colors, both natural and synthetic colors were broadly incorporated into the painting display.

The teaching assistants, who are also majoring in art, shared their work. One of the co-authors, an amateur artist, displayed some of his pen and ink and colored pencil drawings (see Figure 5). The author discussed the techniques used to create the drawings in this session. One of the drawings from Figure 5, which happens to be a famous National Geographic photograph, was used to illustrate a mathematical modeling technique developed by one of the co-authors to model images.

In this technique, the author uses linear and multilinear algebra to model an image as a 2-D dynamic model, known as a 2-D Kalman Filter model (Ramos and Mercère, 2016). It takes a 2-D white Gaussian noise image in red, green, and blue (RGB) colors and converts it into an image using a 2-D stochastic realization algorithm (see Figure 6). This discussion led the author to motivate the use of animation in STEAM.

Finally, the discussion was illustrated with practical, real-world examples, such as the case of modeling a baby image shown in Figure 7, where (a) is the original image, (b) is the modeled image, and (c) is the residual image.

2.5.4: University Visit and Student Ambassador Roundtables

University visits are a pivotal component of the initiative, offering high school students a glimpse into higher education opportunities in STEM (Bystydzienski et al., 2015). These visits are strategically planned to expose participants to campus life, academic resources, and STEM programs offered by universities. The goal is to demystify the university experience and encourage students to consider pursuing higher education in STEM felds.

During these visits, students interact with faculty members, engage in hands-on activities in university labs, and attend informational sessions about STEM degree programs and career paths (Rice et al., 2013). The exposure to university environments helps bridge the transition from high school to higher education, instilling a sense of familiarity and confdence in navigating academic settings.

Student ambassador roundtables complement university visits by providing peerto-peer mentorship. Female students pursuing STEM degrees are ambassadors, sharing their experiences, challenges, and successes with high school participants. These roundtable discussions create a supportive space for open dialogue, allowing high school students to ask questions, seek advice, and envision themselves pursuing STEM studies at the university level (Robnett & Leaper, 2013).The combination of university visits and student ambassador roundtables aims to foster a sense of community and connection among aspiring STEM professionals. By facilitating interactions between high school and university-level students, the initiative encourages the formation of mentorship relationships that extend beyond the duration of the program.

2.5.5: Extended Evaluation Framework:

The evaluation framework ensures a thorough understanding of the program’s impact on participants’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward STEM fields. The extended evaluation approach includes pre-and post-assessments, participant surveys, focus group discussions, and the S-STEM survey (NSF MISO 2012).

2.5.6 Pre- and post-assessments

Participants undergo assessments before and after the program to to measure changes in their understanding of STEM concepts. These assessments are designed with educators and STEM experts, aligning with the curriculum’s learning objectives. Pre-assessments establish a baseline, while post-assessments gauge the knowledge gained and skills developed throughout the initiative.

2.5.7: Participant Surveys

Participants are surveyed to gather feedback on their experiences, perceptions, and overall satisfaction with the program (NSF (MISO) 2012). These surveys include questions related to workshop effectiveness, mentorship impact, and the integration of arts into STEM education. Analyzing survey responses provides valuable insights into the program’s strengths and areas for improvement.

2.5.8: Focus Group Discussions

Focus group discussions offer a qualitative dimension to the evaluation process, allowing participants to share their thoughts, experiences, and suggestions (Faber et al., 2013). Facilitated by trained moderators, these discussions delve into the participants’ perspectives on mentorship, hands-on experiences, and the initiative’s overall impact. Qualitative data from focus groups provide a nuanced understanding of the program’s infuence on participants’ attitudes and aspirations.

2.5.9: S-STEM Survey

The S-STEM survey, developed by the National Science Foundation, assesses the program’s alignment with the goals of the Scholarships in STEM (S-STEM) program (NSF MISO, 2012). This survey captures data related to participants’ academic and career trajectories, retention in STEM fields, and the influence of mentorship on their educational journey. The S-STEM survey offers a longitudinal perspective on the program’s lasting impact.

This extended evaluation framework ensures a comprehensive assessment of the initiative’s effectiveness, allowing for data-driven adjustments and refinements. The combination of quantitative and qualitative data provides a holistic understanding of the program’s outcomes and contributes to the ongoing improvement of similar initiatives.

The provided data represent the responses of 10th—and 11th-grade female students to three questions about their attitudes toward math, science, and engineering/technology. I will give a statistical analysis and interpretation for each set.

2.6: Summary

The STEM awareness workshop appears to positively impact students’ attitudes towards science, with an increase in the “Agree” category. There is some variation in the Let us focus on each section individually, math, science, and engineering/technology, to perform a statistical analysis and interpret the pre- and post-STEM survey results for 10th- and 11th-grade female students who participated in a STEM awareness workshop.

impact on attitudes towards math and engineering/technology, with a shift towards more uncertainty or negativity in specifc categories.

It is important to note that the interpretation is based on the changes in distribution between the pre and posttests. Further qualitative data or participant feedback could provide additional insights into the reasons behind these changes and help refne future STEM programs.

3.0 Conclusion

In conclusion, implementing this initiative is a multifaceted and strategic process designed to empower female STEM students (Van Sickle et al., 2020). From recruiting community experts and STEM ambassadors to developing an arts-integrated curriculum and hands-on experiences, each component is carefully crafted to contribute to the overarching goal of closing the gender gap in STEM.

The emphasis on real-world applications, university visits, and student ambassador roundtables creates a dynamic and immersive learning environment (Robnett et al., 2013). These elements provide valuable exposure to STEM careers and foster community and mentorship among participants.

The extended evaluation framework ensures that the initiative’s impact is rigorously assessed, allowing continuous improvement and refnement (Brown et al., 2018).

The initiative aims to capture a nuanced understanding of its infuence on participants’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward STEM felds by incorporating pre- and post-assessments, participant surveys, focus group discussions, and the S-STEM survey.

As the program progresses, ongoing collaboration with educators, community partners, and STEM professionals will be crucial for adapting to the evolving needs of high school female students (Watt et al., 2012). The initiative aspires to serve as a model for future endeavors to foster diversity and inclusivity in STEM education and careers by continually refning the implementation based on feedback and data-driven insights. Thrive in the exciting and dynamic world of STEM.

References

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The search for holistic/lifestyle medicine practitioners that provide equitable, customized, individualized quality care to meet patients’ needs is in demand. Making A Difference Because You Matter, believes the healthcare system’s sustainability (economically, environmentally, and socially) begins with “taking your pulse” in three different ways. Through using a holistic and bioenergetic model with evidencebased, groundbreaking tools to help clients get to the root of their challenges and live healthy lifestyles with purpose.

Keywords:

Pulse, Healthy lifestyle, Mental health, Healthcare.

Bio

Dana Bagnall is the Founder and CEO of Making A Difference Because You Matter, LLC. She is a Certified Holistic Health & Wellness Coach, Neuro-Linguistic Practitioner, Bioenergetic Health Practitioner, and International Keynote Speaker. Dana is the Author of “Soulful Wellness Journey – Live Life Abundantly: A Collection of Soul Food Recipes Plant Based & Gluten-free,” which includes a curated collection of wellness tips, nutritional charts, recipes, and a playlist of soulful sounds. She has partnered with top Fortune 100 financial organizations, leading national healthcare associations, and women business owners to educate them on how health impacts women’s wealth and the practical steps needed to become proactive– resulting in a citywide focus on this timely issue. Dana is passionate about helping women over 40, and their loved ones heal from the inside out to release pain, stress, fatigue, trauma, depression, and anxiety, while energetically mastering their well-being so they can live more abundantly. She has facilitated the mentoring of college students who have experienced disadvantages and helped to bring success in their advancement academically, emotionally, spiritually, and physically. Dana continues to bring her expertise in counselling and advising with the public and private sectors to the services offered in her health and wellness academy.

Abstract

Globally, healthcare systems and individuals are collectively looking for a way to unify and sustain a healthy lifestyle with purpose after the COVID-19 pandemic. Physicians and practitioners are exhausted, frustrated, and overwhelmed to meet the care of patients, administrative duties of E.H.R. coding notes, and patient satisfaction surveys. Patients feel healthcare puts profit before the people, and they are not being heard nor getting enough time to meet their needs during doctor visits. Consequently, studies show that physicians and practitioners feel depressed and anxious. The departure from the healthcare system to provide higher-quality care or pursue something else is rising. The search for holistic/lifestyle medicine practitioners that provide equitable, customized, individualized quality care to meet patients’ needs is in demand. Making A Difference Because You Matter believes the healthcare system’s sustainability (economically, environmentally, and socially) begins with “taking your pulse” in three different ways. A roadmap to implement a holistic and bioenergetic model with evidence based, groundbreaking tools to help clients get to the root of their challenges and live healthy lifestyles with purpose is vital. Recommended therapies focus on awakening and understanding what triggers are causing dis-ease in their lives (spiritually, emotionally, physically, environmentally, nutritiously, etc.). Secondly, it involves correcting cellular information distortions. Lastly, it helps to cleanse and protect their well-being. This study helps people reach the root of their health challenges faster, lowers costs, and fosters qualitative care service between practitioners and clients. Lastly, it provides collaborative wraparound services with clients, the community, and health providers.

Introduction

Hospital leaders are sounding the alarm as health systems face an exodus of exhausted and demoralized doctors, nurses, and other front-line workers (Levine, 2021). Prior to the pandemic, physicians were reported to be twice the risk for burnout compared to the general population. Additionally, 40% of those who were surveyed reported experiencing depression and suicidal ideation, per Dr. Victor Dzau (president of the National Academy of Medicine) (Levine, 2021). The consistent emotion physicians and patients are mainly experiencing post Covid 19 is stress, leading to increased burnout and trauma. Stress is a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation that all experience to some degree. A natural human response triggers us to address challenges and threats. There are three types of stress: daily, chronic, and acute. Daily stress is common, which is interwoven in our livelihoods. Stress is an overarching, physiological, psychological, environmental, and sociological effect impacting individuals, organizations, businesses, and systems’ overall health. Burnout is a psychological syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a sense of reduced accomplishment in day-to-day work (Wood et al., 1998). Trauma can be overwhelming and pervasive due to exposure to a life threatening or emotionally disturbing event(s) that may impede one’s well-being (spiritually, emotionally, physically, socially, and mentally). This research aims to unify & sustain a healthy lifestyle with purpose using the P.U.L.S.E.© model.

Risk Factors of Stress that Lead to Burnout with Doctors

Stressors include time constraints to conduct physical examinations and preventive care for patients and follow- up appointments; feeling pressured to complete electronic health records (EHR) coding and paperwork daily; pressure to add on more examinations that a patient might not need; disconnect of quality service of care between healthcare administration and physicians/ practitioners, patients, and shareholders; feeling qualitative care, has now become quantitative care; and maintaining work-life balance.

Risk Factors of Stress that Lead to Burnout with Patients

Predominate stress factors impacting patients entail health and the cost of health care, financial hardship, interpersonal issues, discrimination, workplace stress, mass shootings, climate change, and loneliness, among many (Fryburg, 2021).

During the pandemic, many lost temporary or permanent connections with their jobs/businesses, homes, health, or loved ones. As a result, the desire to help people get unstuck, feel, be, and do better spiritually, emotionally, and physically was essential.

Methods

According to the American Institute of Stress, the National Institute of Health, the American Psychological Association, the Center for Disease and Control, and the World Health Organization, 75–90% of doctors visit are stress-related illnesses/diseases. Through experience and research, what is known, is what causes disease has the potential to fester and become an illness/disease if left untreated. At Making A Difference Because You Matter, LLC, we believe the roadmap to a unified and sustainable healthy lifestyle begins with our recommended therapy focus, “Taking Your Pulse.”

P.U.L.S.E.© model

Take Your Pulse©: Pulse is the rhythmic throbbing of an artery resulting from a heart beating typically measured in one minute. It is a vibration that causes a sound, or wave, that emits an electric current or light. Traditionally, taking someone’s pulse can be done by placing two fingers or a thumb on the wrist, below the jawline on the side of the neck, back of the knees, top of the foot, and groin areas. Within the last century, the work of Marey in Paris and Mahomed in London has helped to advance the sensing of clinical pulse waves in the medical field. By doing so, Mahomed was able to show how the “recordings could be used to detect asymptomatic hypertension and used them to chart the natural history of essential hypertension and to distinguish between this condition and chronic nephritis.” Since then, a new easy-to-use scanning tool NES BioenergetiX Wellness Scan (BWS) was created Harry Massey of NES Health to bioenergetically detect the condition of the Body-field. In Albert Einstein’s, well-known scientific equation E=MC^2, we recognize that matter is and relates to energy. Bioenergetics is the study of energy and living systems. It is the concept of Chinese medicine and acupuncture applied to physics. Peter Fraser (acupuncture professor, homeopath, and Traditional Chinese Medicine-TCM practitioner) was the first to properly map the energy of the human body-field and how energy (Intelligence) flows throughout the body. “The human body-field is an intelligent, self-organizing, self-correcting, self-maintaining energetic and informational structure that, says Fraser, functions at the level of QED [quantum electro-dynamic] and quantum holography.” (Massey, 2020)

In this particular study, the first step to take your pulse begins with becoming unified with the mind, body, and soul to honor you (matter) in Einstein’s most quoted equation. The focus in this step is to awaken.

Take Your Pulse©

Awaken

• What are your mind, body, and soul communicating to you? What does it need or want?
• Awaken yourself by stopping, looking, and listening to your body to identify what stressors/painful symptoms are bothering you.
• Complete a detailed health intake assessment. One assessment involves comprehensive evaluation to scan the body for less than a minute to get to the cellular root of health challenges using NES Health scanning software.

P.U.L.S.E©

The second step involves clients to Practice Unlimited Love through Self Evaluation (P.U.L.S.E.©) to help correct distortions in the body-field so they become strengthened.

Strengthen

• Express compassion to your body-field by understanding how your thinking and feeling, nutritional, environmental factors and so much more may affect your total energy and well-being – make you feel out of balance with the potential to manifest physical illnesses or emotional imbalances.
• Take steps to clear the energetic blocks by feeding correct cellular information that has been distorted. A varied number of tools (i.e.; Pulse Electromagnetic Frequency – PEMF) or methods (i.e.; hypnotherapy, sound therapy, meditation, aromatherapy infoceuticals, NLP, yoga) may be used to help optimize clients’ well-being.

Eat Your Pulse©

The last major yet simplistic step with taking your pulse, is to eat your pulse. In this regard, pulse refers to vegetables & multi-grains that are naturally, genetically encoded with phytonutrients/phytochemical and fiber. A healthy, low fat plant-based diet can empower the immune system by strengthening it to help combat infections. Research shows, “Those eating plant-based diets have been found to have better insulin sensitivity, better blood sugar levels, better insulin levels, and even significantly improved function of their beta cells— the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin in the first place.” It can also help prevent it from being hyperactive or minimize pain if and when one may be impacted by illnesses to help:

• prevent disease and keep your body working properly;
• maintain a healthy body weight; eliminate excess cholesterol from the body;
• maintain or lower blood pressure; reduces risk of colon cancer;
• reduce constipation;
• improve skin conditions.

Real-life Example-life example of the interconnection nature of the body-field and body’s functions:

Client A participated in a Pulse Wellness Scan with Making A Difference Because You Matter using an intake self-assessment and NES BioenergetiX Wellness Scan (BWS). Client presented herself well groomed with a full affect. She expressed feeling tired more than usual, disconnected with life yet rates herself as a seven on scale of happiness (0 not happy at all to 10 being most happy), bloated, recently more stressed than normal on a daily basis, new food allergies and noticing hair thinning and loss of hair. Client A shared her allopathic primary care doctor met with her for approximately ten minutes to share that she was prediabetic and recommended she begin exercising, reduce eating starchy foods, and return for a follow up appointment to determine if a statin drug was needed.

Results

Results from the NES Health BioenergetiX Wellness scan on Client A showed distress with energy flow in the following organ biofields (see areas marked with purple bars): stomach, muscles, and pancreas.

Discussion

The results from Client A wellness scan have provided opportunities for further discussion, investigation, and coaching to help strengthen her well-being. The holistic health coach gave no medical, biomedical, or psychological diagnosis to justify a quantitative analysis or replace appropriate medical tests or advice. However, Client A receives more intentional holistic healthcare services and screenings to address elevated basophil count and inflammation in the large intestines from osteopathic medicine instead of allopathic medicine. Additionally, she is receiving wellness consultations from our program to strengthen her immune system, improve her nutritional intake, reduce environmental stressors by doing a metal detox, engage in N.L.P. exercise to P.U.L.S.E.© and improve internal and external communication to release repressed and grasping emotions and strategize healthier career opportunities that do not include toxic molds and other pathogens daily. The holistic coach also referred Client A to a chiropractor to help unblock shocks and traumas stored in the muscles from car accidents. Lastly, Client A now recognizes that her hair loss is possibly related to stress, nutrient deficiencies, and toxic chemicals in her work and home environments. In contrast, Client A receives 45-60 minutes wellness sessions compared to the ten-minute visits with her previous allopathic doctor. It is unknown if Client A received more time with her allopathic doctor, that similar findings could have revealed she was still experiencing emotional and physical trauma from car accidents a couple of years ago, she is working in a toxic environment and has frequent exposure to harsh chemicals that cause her to feel exhausted with a lack of energy to engage socially and has placed a strain on her marital and social relationships.

Research has shown lifestyle medicine can help up to 80% of chronic diseases. From the biblical era to the present, taking the time to eat your pulse (vegetables & multi-grains) has shown significant improvements in health where some key markers ravaged human body-fields. “Apparently, most people who switch to a plant-based diet are happy they did. One of the reasons there’s been such great compliance with plantbased dietary interventions is that people not only tend to get measurably better, they also tend to feel much better.” (Gregor M, MD; Stone, G 2015)

Conclusion

Since the global pandemic and the past decades, numerous healthcare and mental health systems, practitioners, businesses, communities, patients, educational systems, and governments have recognized the need to revive, recalibrate and rejuvenate the broken healthcare system. Chronic health and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), like heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, are the leading cause of death in the world. The WHO reported, “The solutions are highly cost-effective. Comprehensive and integrated action at country level, led by governments, is the means to achieve success.” (World Health Organization, 2021) The roles of behavioral, nutritional, and psychosocial factors must not go unrecognized and unresolved with the impact it inflicts on human health and disease. The sustainability (economically, environmentally, and socially) of the healthcare system and the well-being of those they serve vitally begins with “taking your pulse; practicing unlimited love through self-evaluation, and eating your pulse.” Breakthrough to protect your energy to further enhance your transformational journey to overcome what may be apprehending you from walking fully in your purpose.Take steps to holistically break free from emotional and belief issues that no longer serve you so you can evolve, heal and live life more abundantly using proprietary, customized bioenergetics and health and wellness coaching programs.

These statements and reports support the need to focus on health– risk behaviors for primary prevention and routine screenings (energy, mind, body, environmental, nutrition, body field, energetic immunity, terrains, and life journey.) of individuals to optimize their health to live life more abundantly and energetically. This transformational step is the first step that helps lead to living life more abundantly. In conclusion, “P.U.L.S.E.©: the love connection that unifies and sustains a healthy lifestyle with purpose” is a recommended roadmap to implement holistic and bioenergetic models with evidence-based, groundbreaking tools that support clients to get to the root of their challenges so they can live healthy lifestyles with purpose.

References

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Center, C., Davis, M., Detre, T., Ford, D. E., Hansbrough, W., Hendin, H., Laszlo, J., Litts, D. A., Mann, J., Mansky, P. A., Michels, R., Miles, S. H., Proujansky, R., Reynolds III, C. F., & Silverman, M. M. (2003). Confronting depression and suicide in physicians. JAMA, 289(23), 3161. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.23.3161

Forbes, D., Creamer, M., Phelps, A., Bryant, R., McFarlane, A., Devilly, G. J., Matthews, L., Raphael, B., Doran, C., Merlin, T., & Newton, S. (2007). Australian guidelines for the treatment of adults with acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Australian &; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(8), 637–648. https:// doi.org/10.1080/00048670701449161

Fryburg, D. A. (2021, November 29). What’s playing in Your waiting room? patient and provider stress and the impact of waiting room media. Journal of patient experience. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC8641118/#bibr2-23743735211049880

Goff, L. M., Bell, J. D., So, P.-W., Dornhorst, A., & Frost, G. S. (2004). Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59(2), 291–298. https://doi. org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602076

Gojda, J., Patková, J., Jaček, M., Potočková, J., Trnka, J., Kraml, P., & Anděl, M. (2013). Higher insulin sensitivity in vegans is not associated with higher mitochondrial density. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(12), 1310–1315. https://doi.org/10.1038/ ejcn.2013.202

Gregor M, MD; Stone, G. How to Not Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease. Flatiron Books. 2015;122

Levine, D. (2021, November 15). U.S. faces crisis of burned-out health care workers – U.S. news &; world … https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/ articles/2021-11-15/us-faces-crisis-of-burned-out-healthcare-workers

Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). Maslach Burnout Inventory: Third edition. In C. P. Zalaquett & R. J. Wood (Eds.), Evaluating stress: A book of resources (pp. 191–218). Scarecrow Education.

Massey, H. (2020). Explaining the human body-field. NES Health: the Leader in Bioenergetic Health &; Wellness. https://www.neshealth.com/articles/explaining-thehuman-body-field

Massey, H. (n.d.). How NES Technology Works: NES Health. How NES Technology Works | NES Health. https:// www.neshealth.com/science/how-nes-works/

Schernhammer, E. S., & Colditz, G. A. (2004a). Suicide rates among physicians: A quantitative and Gender Assessment (meta-analysis). American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(12), 2295–2302. https://doi. org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2295

Sinha, R. (2022, August 6). Chronic stress. Yale Medicine. https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/stress-disorder

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World Health Organization. (2021). Noncommunicable Diseases. World Health Organization. https://www.who. int/data/gho/data/themes/noncommunicable-diseases

The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between Yoga and physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.

Keywords:

Yoga, Mental Health, Meditation, Emotional Health

Bio

Aparna More has a degree in software engineering and she is passionate International Yoga Therapist by profession. With eight years of experience, Aparna More has been living and teaching Yoga. She lives with the staunch belief that “I am enough” to make this place a better one. The purpose of her life is to spread the beauty and magic of Yoga at National and International levels. Aparna More has a Diploma in Yoga education and a teacher’s training certification from the World Yoga Alliance. She contributes her efforts into helping people towards taking their longest journey – which is the journey inwards through Yoga. Aparna More is specialised in rekindling hope in cancer survivors, people with disabilities and helping people to start loving their lives again. She does this by helping these souls to connect with themselves. Aparna More is a recipient of the Best Yoga Therapist (2022) and an Indian Icon Women personality (2019) from Western India region for her contribution in the field of Yoga.

Abstract

The rise in emotional and mental instability has become a major concern in many parts of the world, particularly after the coronavirus pandemic. Yoga has been identified as a medium through which physical and mental health challenges can be stabilized. The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between Yoga and physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.

Yoga can be perceived as a combination of therapy, meditation, and exercise, connecting the self to overcome limitations linked to conditional thinking. It is a life science covering aspects of human life, relating the human body with the mind. It endeavors to establish a pathway for positive progression whilst maintaining the natural relaxed state of the body.

Upon physically performing the yoga positions or asanas there are numerous benefits including increasing serotonin levels and boosting mental clarity. Bending forward inculcates surrendering activity, in contrast bending backwards opens the heart facilitating suppressed emotions to be cleared. In addition, pranayama reduces the rate of respiration and the heart rate, thus assisting individuals to reach mental stability. Internal cleansing techniques aids individuals to release stored emotions to make space for love & compassion within oneself.

This study has found that there is a strong correlation between Yoga, mental and emotional health. Yoga creates bespoke impressions over the mind and body, to awaken the infinite potential within the self. Further quantitative studies are recommended to establish a causal relationship and develop preventive measures going forward.

YOGA – A way of life

YOGA is a Holistic regimen…there is this belief that Yoga is mostly a therapy, so people are generally looking for specific asana or postures for ailments. It surely is a great tool to fight the physical ailments, however, we need to understand that Yoga is not about symptomatic, localized treatment – the idea is to adopt Yoga holistically, to remove the imbalances in the body, the mind and the Prana, in fact this approach leads to better and more effective healing.

Yoga is a science and firstly it reflects on the outermost aspect – the physical body which most of the people cab related to. When there is imbalance on the physical aspect, all the internal organs are affected, and it starts reflecting on the self in the form of various diseases. The beauty of Yoga is that it gets the various body activities into ideal direction that assists the entire body to operate in harmony. Along with the physical aspect, emotional and mental purification is one of the yoga’s most significant attainment.

The approach is simple – If the mind is not healthy and uncontrolled, it reflects the same on the body. We are excited in the situation of pleasure and we become sad when it is a negative situation. Every thought in the mind affects the brain, nervous system and all other organs in the body. Yoga is to maintain equilibrium of the mind in any situation. This equanimity of mind is the ultimate objective of yoga – Awakening of self is yoga. Yoga is about self-inquiry and growth

The human body is made up of 5 basic elements of nature – water, air, fire, earth, ether. They represent the physical and energetic qualities of the human body and of the physical world. The ebb and flow of these five elements influence our physical, mental and emotional wellbeing. When they are in harmony, we experience peace and good health. When they are out of balance, we can experience suffering and unhappiness. The awareness and understanding of these laws of nature allows us to bring them into a state of equilibrium through Yoga and meditation practices. Yoga compliments the presence of these elements and hence taps into the curative power the body possesses to naturally heal itself. Yoga is an antidote for all the health issues in the life. Every little or long deep breath you take is a healing pill that you give your mind and body

This is true especially post the Pandemic wherein the focus has shifted on emotional and mental wellbeing which is then reflected on your physical health. As Yoga is a therapy session, a work-in – mind it I am saying it’s a work in – as it is a therapy, meditation and physical postures all at the same time, this helps you in taking your longest journey which is the journey inwards.

There is a stance of Yoga practice that it works towards illness impediment thus stimulating and enhancing the quality of life by boosting the health. The practice of Yoga is blossoming and growing faster across the globe. In present era, Yoga is one of the most eminent and notable well-being application. It is a wide and eclectic application that encompasses each and every aspect of life. It is actually a way of living.

YOGA – A Science

Yoga is a science, that is, it is a framework of approach that directs us to intentionally link not only with the self but also with our lives. As Yoga is a science, there is no ethic or ideology linked to it. Like in scientific experiments, we have few procedures to follow and that would yield the result similarly Yoga guides us to do definite action and then to feel and sense the impact of that action, for example – if we breath in a relaxed manner the heart rate goes down and normalizes; if we focus on our breath, the thoughts slowly start reducing and we become calm and composed. Yoga is a complete package bundled in one – breath control, mindfulness, physical activity and mindfulness. It is also a spiritual practice attempting to link the individual awareness to the entire Cosmos making us understand that we are part of this Universe and not separate from it.

The scientific nature of Yoga was unveiled when Swami Kuvalayananda administered scientific experiments in Yoga in 1924. The organization Kaivalyadham Institute for scientific research on Yoga was established in Lonavala, Pune – India. The research findings eradicated several yoga misconceptions and unraveled the mystical sheath dealing with it. The principles of Yoga were related in biological terms – encompassing the anatomy and physiology aspect. The study this way aids in comprehension of the yogic mechanism and their application for the patient in detailed way. Once the basic structure and various functions of the body are known, it becomes easy to apply, understand the mechanism of the yogic practices as well as the effects of the same on the psychological aspect of the human body. Also, when the concepts are clear, it becomes easy to modify the techniques which can suit an individual. Tailoring of the asanas and the breathing practices becomes easier with it.

Once the results were visible, the popularity of yoga increased and many started becoming aware of the benefits. Numerous doctors and health specialists started recommending yoga as a wholistic approach not only to treat injuries and illness but also as an substitute to surgery in the cases that it can be applied.

Yoga practice is a well-researched ability to make positive long-term changes to not just the body but our brains too. Yoga is an inmost science incorporating numerous techniques to attain the unification of the body and mind to attain self-knowledge which when one has gives an individual the strength to deal with others.

The Indian Prime Minister (Mr. Narendra Modi) launched a YOGA DAY on 21st June which has been observed by United Nations General Assembly. Assigning a day for Yoga signifies the importance of Yoga that has been experienced by innumerable people and the way it is helping holistically. This day is celebrated in more than 170 countries like UK, Canada, China, USA etc. There are various Yoga activities that are planned throughout the day that not only enhances the Yoga awareness but also guides people on how and where to get started. The public has realized how Yoga increases the level of wellbeing and helps to make subtle but profound changes in the life styles of the people in a positive way.

Yoga develops positive attitude and promotes positive health. As an amalgamation of art and science, it provides entire human force with eye and mind to understand not only the human mind but also the various facets of the prevalence.

1.2. Management of lifestyle diseases and Psychosomatic disorders through Yoga

Succeeding the Pandemic and Covid, there has been manifold increase in the anxiety levels, stress, depression and psychological distress. The numbers are below:

Anxiety: 6.33% to 50.9%

Stress: 8.1% to 81.9%

Depression: 14.6% to 48.3%

Psychological distress: 34.43% to 38%

Yoga has been instrumental in working on the emotional and mental level and has got a definite potential to heal the people suffering from lifestyle disorders and stress that leads to further array of diseases and this is because Yoga extends both physical and mental health benefits for humanity across the ages.

Recent studies positively depict the outcome of Yoga and meditation on overall human healthiness on the various below areas:

1.  Endocrine disorders – Thyroid, Hormonal imbalance
2. Psychological diseases – Mental stress, anxiety etc.
3. Endocrine irregularity – Thyroid, hormonal imbalance etc.
4. Neurological ailments – Alzheimer’s disease etc.

Certain breathing practices like Kapalbhati, Anuloma Villoma, Bhramari or Pranayama are the best remedies to tackle respiratory issues (Behera M, Priyadarsini N, Mohapatra D, et al, 2015).

Yoga has helped in various disorders like post-traumatic stress and other stress related diseases (Wynn, 2015). Yoga approach is highly potent to diminishing mindfulness-based stress in patients that are fatigued due to cancer and its related symptom (Johns, Brown, BeckCoon et al. 2015). Yoga is literally a behavioural practice strengthening not only the physical aspect but also the breath and mindfulness thus assisting the psychological and biological adaptations in human population (Birde, Sohl, Wallston, 2016). Yoga has been instrumental for treating modern diseases like stress, obesity, diabetes, hypertension by increasing the p a r a s y m p a t h e t i c activity and reducing sympathetic activity (Cramer, 2015). There are reports that revealed yoga works directly on most important detox organs (pancreas, liver, kidney) to maintain the insulin resistance thus working on controlling Diabetes (Chandrasekhar, 2009). More scientific evidence is required to talk about the curative role of Yoga on Cancer, however, techniques like Yoga Nidra and some asanas along with breathing techniques are helpful in disruption of sleep cycle and fear within the patients of cancer (Smith, Pukall, 2009).

It is completely legal and right to say and also numerous studies have shown that Yoga is a complimentary healing for the majority of the serious illnesses.

Due to its positive impact on both mental and physical health, yoga and meditation are becoming more and more popular.

The practice of yoga allows us to fully manifest our innate potentiality, making it appropriate to refer to it as the science of infinite human possibilities. Yoga addresses every facet of the philosophy, psychology, and application of conscious evolution at once. Rather than just giving the theorems or the concepts, it actually acts as an instrument providing the required direction to feel and sense this magnanimity

YOGA – Beyond Physical Aspect

Yoga is not mere about physical postures, but what and who you are and what intention you set while performing these postures works on freeing the consciousness from the limitations of the conditional thinking. This awakens the infinite potential within oneself and connects one to the self which is the highest state of the BLISS. Studies depicted that the yoga class begins with a primary aim of physical fitness, but as the class progresses, they notice that it not only removes the clutter off the mind it also quietens the mind thus exposing us to the Universal language of silence. Once you get to thus state the change is reflected far away from physical arena and focused more on mental and emotional aspects. This is the phase of self actualization.

I have had many students who started practicing Yoga for physical treatment, but as they become more involved, practicing with awareness, the experience of the holistic impact on the entire body and the mind got them to embrace the Yogic science for reasons far beyond the physical therapy.

We cannot scrub our inner bodies – we need to learn the skills that cleanse our tissues, organs and mind and that is YOGA.

The various basic asanas dive much deeper than the physical aspect. Let us see how it does that:

Stretching asanas

Stretching increases joint range of motion, enhances blood flow, improves posture, and relieves muscular tension all over the body. The mental and emotional benefits that we gain from this are:

2.1.1 Stretching does not only opens up the physical body and the muscles, but increasing the serotonin levels that reduces stress which in turn creates mental clarity & self-esteem efficiently.

2.1.2 Everyone experiences stress to some degree causing muscles to become tense, once tense it tightens up and then resulting into discomfort and persistent pain. Stretching eases muscle tension, breaking the vicious cycle of pain and tension.

2.1.3 Due to opening of the upper body the clogged-up lungs are open easing the breathing process and making it deeper.

2.1.4 Two feel good hormones – Endorphins and Serotonin are released by our bodies when we stretch. Serotonin levels lower stress, which effectively improves self-esteem & mental clarity and Endorphins are in charge of activating the brain receptors that heighten pleasant emotions and lessen pain

2.2 Forward Bends asanas

The bends not only works on strengthening the spine, the legs but also stimulating the liver & the kidneys. The mental and emotional benefits that we gain from this are:

2.2.1 It inculcates the feeling of calmness as the space is created between the vertebrae in the spine which is the channel between your brain and rest of the body.

2.2.2 It is also a mean of surrendering to the Divine – so in situations that are not in our control we surrender with these bends.

2.2.3 Forward bends guides us to enjoy the journey as we move forward to touch the toes or just move in forward folds. It inculcates the feeling of being patient. A new job, a new relationship, a major move, or anything else that forces us outside of our comfort zone can occasionally feel uncomfortable at first but turn out to be the best decisions we could have made once we patiently move through it. Likewise, if we bend forward with a mind free from all negativity and we can start to let go of discomfort, impatience and fear as the heart is full of gratitude.

2.3 Backward Bends asanas

Apart from a nice stretch to the back, it opens our chest, shoulder muscles especially in this era wherein our necks are constantly dangling in forward movement with the cells in our hand. Also, as the lungs fully expand, it helps in taking more oxygen and we start feeling more energized. Below benefits are reaped other than physical ones:

2.3.1 The bends open the lungs, lift the heart and deepens the breath and when all these happens it gives is the courage to overcome our fears not only on the mat but also off the mat.

2.3.2 As the heart opens up, any suppressed emotions, unresolved trauma starts melting.

2.3.3 Backbends increase the body’s energy levels and release mood elevating hormones into the blood stream. At an emotional level, as the body arches up, the mind also does the same, making room in our lives for new emotions, experiences and feelings. It is a physical vulnerability that gives us the courage to become more receptive in our personal relationships as well as other areas of life.

2.4 Twisting asanas

By bolstering our spinal structure, these asanas enable us to become more flexible. By causing intraabdominal compression, it promotes the digestive system’s optimal operation. On releasing the twist, the digestive organs receive new blood that is nutrient-rich and oxygenated. Along with the most important detox organs like liver, pancreas and kidneys, spleen, liver and gall bladder are stimulated. Apart from physical benefits, below things are achieved:

2.4.1 It activates the most important detox organ – liver in the body, which helps in insulin release and balancing the sugar in the body.

2.4.2 Apart from making us physically flexible it also prepares us emotionally & mentally to handle any situations in our lives as our spine is a recorder, recording all the emotions. With the twists we shed all these unwanted feelings.

2.4.3 Although the human body is designed for diverse dynamic activities, if we do not remain conscious to maintain it at optimum level, it builds up stress and the body piles up with the impurities. A clean and health body would have an upsurge of energy that can be consumed to work on any disease or discomfort. The Yoga twists works on quietening the chattering minds by reducing the anxiousness and stress. The practitioner stays in the present moments building more positive approach.

2.5 Balancing asanas

While doing the balancing asanas, the gravitational center of our bodies is in line with the gravitational field of the planet. Balancing requires one’s constant attention as well as a steady mind. Regularly doing these asanas enhances the mental stability and concentration. It strengthens the entire lower body and the nervous system. The mental and emotional benefits are as below:

2.5.1 The cerebellum, the part of the brain that regulates how the body moves, is trained in all balancing asanas.

2.5.2 All the balancing asanas requires the entire set of the muscles in the body to collaborate. The nervous system and the brain coordinates for the same. These asanas enhance the posture and muscle coordination while bringing about physical and nervous balance and stopping unintentional movement.

2.5.3 The concentration needed to perform the asanas steadily cultivates balance and concentration on the emotional, mental, and psychic levels, reducing stress and anxiety.

2.5.4 It not only balances your body but also your emotions at all the levels – emotional, mental and psychic levels, and once the emotions are balanced, we gain control on our day to day lives. It also induces the feeling of being rooted and being strong irrespective of the outer conditions.

We see Yoga is the gateway to better spiritual and emotional health apart from being just physical. But we need to execute these postures with awareness and complete intention with the presence of the breath to experience these deep benefits.

Conclusion

Your body is speaking to you every moment of your life through the various sensations. The question is are you really that aware that you listen to it? Adopt Yoga to know yourself, to be aware of yourself and be mindful. Once this is done, your relationship with the self changes and this brings in great positive change in your relationships with others.

Yoga is a drugless therapy. Adopt it to bring peace, stability and satisfaction physically, relaxation and harmony in body-mind functions and positivity in all the relationships. It also has a preventive aspect that can be of great help to one and all to promote and maintain fitness, health and happiness throughout the life by guarding us against stress and strain.

The original, ageless science of the Self is Yoga – it is an essential practice for the soul, working through the medium of our body. It is all about self-inquiry and growth, it is not just looking good but feeling good. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This endeavor would not have been possible without the support of my Parents, Daughter, Husband and my in-laws. Gratitude to my students who trust in me and gives me an opportunity to share beauty and magic of Yoga with them. They are the ones who gives me DOSE – Dopamine, Oxytocin, Serotonin, Endorphins in my everyday sessions.

Acknowledgements

This endeavor would not have been possible without the support of my Parents, Daughter, Husband and my in-laws. Gratitude to my students who trust in me and gives me an opportunity to share beauty and magic of Yoga with them. They are the ones who gives me DOSE – Dopamine, Oxytocin, Serotonin, Endorphins in my everyday sessions.

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Wynn GH. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches in the Treatment of PTSD. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015; 17. Art. No. 62.

Johns SA, Brown LF, Beck-Coon K, et al. Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Persistently Fatigued Cancer Survivors. Psycho-Oncology. 2015; 24: 885–893p.

Birdee GS, Sohl SJ, Wallston K. Development and Psychometric Properties of the Yoga Self-Efficacy Scale (YSES). BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016; 16. Art. No. 3.

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Smith KB, Pukall CF. An EvidenceBased Review of Yoga as a Complementary Intervention for Patients with Cancer. PsychoOncology. 2009; 18: 465–475p.

Will Yoga help with WEIGHT LOSS? My answer – May be, but it will surely help you lose weight of your insecurities. It is about feeling good rather than looking good. If you ask 10 people who do Yoga as to what is Yoga you will have ten different answers as everyone has their own experience while in yoga.

M.M.Gore, 1984, Anatomy and Physiology of Yogic practices, New Age Books, New Delhi, India

Denise Rankin-Box (June 2015). Yoga being a science and not just an art Available: The science of yoga — what research reveals (elsevier.com)

FITSRI Yoga Benefits & Statistics Infographic. Page 5 Available: https://www.fitsri.com/ articles/yoga-benefits-statisticsinfographic

Deepak Semwal, Ashutosh Chauhan, Satyendra Mishra, Ruchi Semwal, May 2016, Yoga, Recent development in Yoga – A Scientific Perspective. Mumbai, India, Pages 3-4 (PDF) Recent Development in Yoga: A Scientific Perspective (researchgate. net)

Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani, January 2011, Understanding the Science of Yoga. Mumbai, India, Pages 3-4 (PDF) Understanding the Science of Yoga (researchgate.net)

EIdeas on how to harness digital health technology in the fight against cancer and thus benefit from others digital health innovations are the core aims of this research paper.

Keywords:

Cancer, Health, Digital, Technology

Bio

Roxanne Boodhoo is an accomplished professional with a diverse and versatile background. Her extensive academic training has equipped her with a wide range of skills and knowledge, enabling her to excel in various roles. Roxanne is known for her strong work ethic, diligence, and commitment to undertaking any responsibilities assigned to her. She is deeply passionate about helping and supporting others, making her a compassionate and empathetic individual. Throughout her career, Roxanne has consistently demonstrated a dedication to making a positive impact, whether through her professional work or community involvement, striving to uplift those around her.

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in radiation therapy, driven by developments in photon, electron, and proton radiations, as well as the emerging use of hypo fractionated applications. Despite these innovations, the future of fractionated radiation oncology remains secure due to the complexities involved in maximising therapeutic gains without increasing toxicity. Concurrently, infammatory bowel diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis, play a crucial role in both gross and microscopic findings in differential diagnoses. Initial diagnostic approaches often involve evaluating antibiotic-resistant or induced enteritis through therapy history and PCR testing for Clostridium diffcile. Persistent clinical symptoms suggestive of therapy resistance or re-infection necessitate further testing for Clostridium diffcile fecal toxins.

Cancer therapy is increasingly influenced by digital advancements and innovative biomedical technologies. Significant progress has introduced novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools, including laser technology for surgery, photodynamic therapy, and bio-imaging. Additionally, nanotechnology has revolutionised potential therapies, enabling selective multimodal tumor diagnostics and treatment. This approach combines contrast enhanced imaging with targeted therapy, opening new horizons in cancer treatment.

The scientific community is actively developing and establishing advanced nanotechnology-based nanomedicines, reflecting a concerted effort to enhance cancer therapy. The integration of these cutting-edge technologies promises to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes, driving the future of cancer treatment towards more precise and effective interventions.

Introduction

The clinical application of AI in oncologic radiation therapy demonstrated its capacity to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer (Casà et al., 2023). Three main features AI manifested, including the NPaware, Hardware-aware, and high-throughput data processing. The AI/ML models presented the potential as robust biomarkers in reducing heterogeneity in treatment response and improve the general effectiveness of immunotherapy.

A cohort of promising AI/ML models were developed to diagnose tumours, determine the DNA damage response, identify synthetic lethal interactions, and predict immunotherapy response. In radiotherapy machine learning was successfully implemented for detecting novel radiomic features, automatically contouring organs, the classification of target volume delineation and organs at risk delineation and models for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. Novel caDISC members were identified that showed prognostic value in endometrial cancer.

Figure 1 illustrated a Schematic representation of a multi-cellular solid tumor. The tumor exhibits a quasi-spherical shape with a concentric arrangement of cells. Aerobic and proliferating tumor cells are situated on the periphery, while a smaller fraction of non-proliferating cells are found in deeper regions, encircling a core of dead cells (central necrotic core). This necrotic core results from cell death caused by restricted oxygen and nutrient diffusion.

Use of AI in designing individualised therapeutic options for leukaemia and other types of cancer, which has evolved rapidly over the years, including RPs, signal transduction, functional genomics, and immunogenomics, among others. Among different types of cancer, leukaemia is one of the exploitations of digital tools, varying from case finding, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and survivorship, to end of life care. it is anticipated in the United States that by 2030, there will be a 269% increase in the number of adult survivors of childhood cancer with a similar absolute increase in the number of survivors with a history of haematological malignancies. As a result, two new brief surveys have been developed for this valuable cohort to assess their cancer and treatment-related problems.

Aim

Ideas on how to harness digital health technology in the fight against cancer and thus benefit from others digital health innovations are the core aims of this paper. Some perspectives on this are given per se, others are inspired by digital health inventions that deal with other diseases. This paper hopes to describe areas for future digital health research and development in under-served countries and other low-resource spheres with a strong focus on cost-effective measures.

One in six deaths worldwide is due to one of the 200 types of cancer (Patel et al., 2023) (Makropoulou, 2016). In 2040, the predicted global cancer burden may almost double, reaching 30 million new cases per year (World Health Organization, 2020). High-income countries averagely invest 1.9% among their gross domestic product (GDP) into their cancer care systems greatly supported by digital health technology (Darley et al., 2023). Such funding, however, is unrealistic in low-income countries, which not only have to deal with unproportionally high cancer incidence rates, but also need to educate most people on how to prevent cancer and thus avoid particularly high costs for direct cancer care. Considering cost-effective health care, educational measures informed by digital health technology could achieve a lot in low-income countries as well. At the same time, the developing countries could serve as a sandbox environment for new digital health approaches, before being used in a proper health environment in high-income countries.

Method

It is critical to generate and continuously improve evidence to support the use of telemedicine and electronic communications in good clinical practice. Additionally, the evaluation of the usability and acceptability of interventions that can be part of digitization as a change process in healthcare must be considered. The cancer care pathway must be seamless, avoiding fragmentation due to digitization. After input from healthcare professionals, the patient and user perspective must take a central position in conjunction with the edu cation and insight of healthcare staff. It will be important to include the users (and also the patient) in the assessment of digital tools’ practical suitability. The digital tools should be cost effective for both peoples’ health and the health economy, with focus on the utilities. Great improvement in cancer patients’ reported outcomes of treatment and treatment choices will be a key measure (Andrades & Recamonde-Mendoza, 2021).

The guiding principles for the introduction of innovation, evaluation and implementation of new technologies, and good digital technology practice in the National Health Service (NHS) should be based on care pathways and needs, cost effectiveness and equality (C. Griffn et al., 2020). Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), including health-related quality of life, functional capacity, pain assessment and symptom-related follow-up, should be utilised to establish the quality of patient care on digital platforms. These measures should apply to any intervention or drug, an occurrence in all diseases and changes in statistics on common diseases, for example cancer, should be observed. Patients should be involved in setting the parameters for utility.

Results and Discussion

At the time of writing, m-health is playing a vital role in contributing to healthcare by offering a convenient and efficient way to replace or complement traditional in-person interactions. This is especially beneficial in the field of oncology care, where physical interactions are crucial for the accurate delivery of complex testing and treatment plans. As it has already been successfully demonstrated, digital solutions, particularly the use of smartphones and mobile applications, have the ability to avoid unnecessary hospital visits, greatly improve patients’ overall experiences, enhance adherence to follow-up treatment, and facilitate significant time savings for both patients and healthcare providers alike. The utilisation of advanced algorithms and smart programming further allows for the seamless adjustment of the next steps in the pathway of care for patients, all based on their ongoing monitoring data and through online consultations. Additionally, it is worth noting that the majority of diagnostic image facilities worldwide still rely on non-digital methods, which unfortunately limits access to remote experts and timely distant review (Agarwal et al., 2020). This further emphasises the urgent need for embracing digital technology in healthcare to ensure optimal patient outcomes are consistently achieved.

While any amount of liver cancer is something to be concerned about, in emerging economies, the majority of patients present with more advanced stages at the time of diagnosis. However, smartphones are ubiquitous in most emerging countries and could be efficiently utilised in a solution to address obstacles in the continuum of care for liver cancer patients (Huang et al.2022). With specifically trained and deployed digital health workers from within, in parallel with leveraging widely available local care resources, we can develop and implement a novel digital health strategy that aims to support health and education system strengthening. By utilising the vast potential of mobile technology, we can revolutionise the way liver cancer patients receive care and support in emerging economies. With smartphones being pervasive in these countries, there is an unprecedented opportunity to bridge the gap between patients and healthcare providers. Combining the power of digital health workers who have been trained for this specific purpose and making use of existing local healthcare resources, we can create a groundbreaking digital health strategy that not only provides assistance but also strengthens the overall health and education system. Through the integration of smartphones into the continuum of care, we can ensure that liver cancer patients have access to vital information, resources, and support at all stages of their journey. By deploying a network of highly skilled digital health workers, who are equipped with the knowledge to navigate through the complexities of liver cancer care, we can overcome the barriers that hinder timely diagnosis and treatment (Wazir et al.2023). Moreover, by tapping into the readily available local care resources, we can create a synergy that boosts the overall healthcare infrastructure in emerging economies, leading to improved outcomes for liver cancer patients.

This innovative digital health strategy holds immense potential to transform the landscape of liver cancer care in emerging economies. By harnessing the power of smartphone technology and utilising the expertise of digital health workers, we can pave the way for a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to tackling this devastating disease. Through the seamless integration of mobile devices, local resources, and a well-trained workforce, we can achieve unparalleled advancements in health and education system strengthening, ultimately benefiting not only liver cancer patients but the entire population as well. With the implementation of this game-changing digital health strategy, individuals facing liv er cancer in emerging economies will experience a significant improvement in their overall care and outcomes. The utilisation of smartphones, which have become an integral part of everyday life in these countries, allows for a unique opportunity to bridge the divide between patients and healthcare providers (Potdar et al.2020). By capitalising on the expertise and training of digital health workers who are dedicated to liver cancer care, alongside the utilisation of existing local healthcare resources, a ground-breaking and effective digital health strategy can be established.

By incorporating smartphones into the continuum of care, liver cancer patients will have continuous access to the vital information, resources, and support that they require at every step of their journey. Through the formation of a network of highly skilled digital health workers, equipped with the necessary knowledge and expertise to navigate the intricacies of liver cancer care, the barriers to early diagnosis and treatment can be effectively overcome. Additionally, by optimising the readily accessible local care resources, a symbiotic relationship can be established, further bolstering the overall healthcare infrastructure in emerging economies, ultimately benefiting liver cancer patients and the wider population.

The implementation of this innovative digital health strategy has the potential to completely revolutionise the landscape of liver cancer care in emerging economies. By harnessing the power of smartphone technology and leveraging the specialised skills of digital health workers, a truly inclusive and comprehensive approach to combating this debilitating disease can be crafted (Lv et al., 2023). Through the seamless integration of mobile devices, local resources, and a highly skilled workforce, unprecedented advancements in health and education system strengthening can be achieved. This, in turn, will not only significantly benefit liver cancer patients but will also have a profound and lasting impact on the overall wellbeing of the entire population.

Conclusion

This study has critically explored how existing digital technologies are effectively configured to be optimised for enhanced prevention; prehabilitation (of the human subject), detection (including early diagnosis), treatment, and care, in the fight against cancer. More specifically, it has been established that the declarative use of digital technologies for the fight against cancer, from an ethical and regulatory perspective. As new warfronts emerge in the fight against the development and progression of cancer, a critical at the leverage of digital technologies and systems in effectively fighting these warfronts becomes inevitable. Indeed, this article sets out with the explicit aim of critically evaluating the use and effective employment of these set of digital technologies in the fight against cancer, including some of the futuristic endeavours being charted within research environments through social inclusion. (Patel et al., 2023)

Increased cancer incidence, prevalence, costs, and deaths threaten the quality of life globally (Makropoulou, 2016). As the cancer burden has proven to be multidimensional, a multi-pronged strategy to combat this scourge that includes cancer prevention, detection, treatment, and care must be adopted. Emerging advancements in digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoTs), Artificial Intelligence (AI) for hepatocellular carcinoma (AIHCC), Machine learning (ML), and Big Data presages the potential future of electronic healthcare that leverages data-driven solutions.

References

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Examine the predictive prevalence of major depressive episodes (MDE), MDE with severe impairment, MDE with alcohol use disorder in relation to sociodemographic disparity and frequency of cannabis use.

Keywords:

marijuana, depression, cannabis, severe role impairment, alcohol use disorder (AUD)

Bio

Dr. Ismatara Reena, Ed.D, MBBS, CHES, serves as an Assistant Professor in the Health Promotion and Wellness Program at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA. Her diverse research portfolio spans underrepresented groups, mental health literacy, social determinants of health, COVID-19’s effects on higher education, and health equity. With a passion for promoting wellness and addressing disparities, she contributes invaluable insights to the field. Dr. Reena’s work underscores her commitment to advancing knowledge and fostering positive change in healthcare and education. Her multidisciplinary approach and dedication to improving health outcomes make her a valuable asset to the academic community and beyond.

Abstract

Youth substance use is a major public health concern. Marijuana and alcohol, the two most common illicit drugs among adolescents are increasing being studied for affective risk. Despite the steady fall of teens substance use since pandemic, teens depressive symptoms elevated, and mental health condition worsened. This study investigates the association between adolescent marijuana use, depression, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) using data from the 2021 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Descriptive statices and binary logistic regression were used analyse the data.

The findings reveal that adolescent marijuana use is significantly associated with higher odds of lifetime MDE, past-year MDE, past-year MDE with severe role impairment, and past-year MDE with AUD. Female gender and White race followed by Hispanic have statistically higher marijuana consumption. Two out of five adolescent lifetime marijuana user had past year MDE, and 9% had MDE with AUD. A significant portion of adolescents, ranging from 63% to 75%, perceive moderate to heavy marijuana use as lacking substantial risks. A consistent and particular escalating odds is identified between past-year cannabis use frequency and the likelihood of experiencing MDE with co-occurring AUD.

Introduction

Marijuana and alcohol are among the most common form of psychoactive polysubstance use globally particularly among adolescents (Banks et al., 2017; Jones & McCance‐ Katz, 2019). In 2020, nearly 900,000 adolescents had alcohol use disorder and 1.3 million people had marijuana use disorder (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2022). Cannabis reforms such as decriminalization, medicalization, and legalization have had varied consequences youth in the United States, including some advantages and detrimental consequences on adolescent mental health (Hammond et al., 2020). Marijuana and alcohol alone or when used together has disproportionate population distribution (McHugh, 2019; Gajos et al., 2021; Pedroni et al., 2021; Siddiqui et al., 2022). Both substances are linked to a wide range of acute and long-term health hazards and repercussions (Aloi et al., 2019; Crocker et al., Marijuana and alcohol are among the most common form of psychoactive polysubstance use globally particularly among adolescents (Banks et al., 2017; Jones & McCance‐ Katz, 2019). In 2020, nearly 900,000 adolescents had alcohol use disorder and 1.3 million people had marijuana use disorder (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2022). Cannabis reforms such as decriminalization, medicalization, and legalization have had varied consequences youth in the United States, including some advantages and detrimental consequences on adolescent mental health (Hammond et al., 2020). Marijuana and alcohol alone or when used together has disproportionate population distribution (McHugh, 2019; Gajos et al., 2021; Pedroni et al., 2021; Siddiqui et al., 2022). Both substances are linked to a wide range of acute and long-term health hazards and repercussions (Aloi et al., 2019; Crocker et al., 2021; Pasman et al., 2018; Reece & Hulse, 2020).

Overall, a steady fall of substance use has been noticed among adolescents since the pandemic culmination, yet the upward trajectory of depression prevalence remains same among all demographics (Patalay & Gage, 2019). Higher marijuana consumption attributed to the discourse on cannabis reform can translate into a greater mental healthcare burden (Bodden et al., 2018; Mojtabai et al., 2016; Ssegonja et al., 2019; Twenge, 2020; Zuckermann et al., 2019). Converging evidence of robust literatures indicate the association of cannabis use to depression in adolescents (Chadi et al., 2019; Langlois et al., 2021; Weinberger et al., 2020), however the directionality is not clear. The relationship between cannabis uses and depression has three hypotheses so far: depression preceding cannabis use, cannabis-induced brain changes increasing MDD risk, and confounding factors (Gukasyan & Strain, 2020). In contrast, ample scholarly works have demonstrated the association of risk of depression with alcohol misuse.

However, the results of extensive population-based surveys show that depression brought on by solely drinking alcohol is not extremely prevalent. Studies have revealed that many cases that were initially diagnosed as alcohol-induced depression were later reclassified as independent depression (i.e., not substance caused), as the condition persisted even after a period of abstinence (McHugh, 2019).

Marijuana use can potentially lead to use of other substances including alcohol (Hines et al., 2020; Nugent et al., 2018; Ramlagan et al., 2021). A large number of adolescents in the U.S. are engaged in substance use according to recent national surveys (SAMHSA. 2022). In 2021, The percentage for marijuana vaping in the past month among current marijuana users was highest among adolescents. In 2020, Nearly 900,000 adolescents had alcohol use disorder and 1.3 million people had marijuana use disorder. In addition, 20.1 percent (weighted 5.0 million adolescents) had major depressive episode (MDE), and 14.7 percent (weighted 3.7 million adolescents) had MDE with severe impairment in various roles of life. Among adolescents aged 12 to 17, 2.9 percent (weighted 724,000 people) had both an MDE with severe impairment and an substance use disorder (SUD). Additionally, a concerning prevalence of depression effects like suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts among adolescents was observed. The estimates are derived from surveying in the subsequent year. This high prevalence raises the concern for outlining the predictors of depression related to substance use.

Although co-use of alcohol and marijuana and its associated risk of moderate depression has been studied several times in several demographics (Claus et al., 2017; Lipperman‐ Kreda et al., 2017; Thompson et al., 2021; White et al., 2019), the impact of cannabis use on MDE with alcohol use disorder (AUD) has not been studied enough. The relevance to identify the sociodemographic disparity is paramount importance to recognise target strata of population. With shifting cannabis legalization in the US, and alcohol being the second most common used substance, it’s crucial to investigate the link between adolescent cannabis use with adolescent with major depressive episodes and with alcohol use disorder and the pattern of population distribution.

The objective of the current study is to examine the predictive prevalence of major depressive episodes (MDE), MDE with severe impairment, MDE with alcohol use disorder in relation to sociodemographic disparity and frequency of cannabis use.

Method

This research employed a secondary data analysis approach, utilising data from the 2021 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The study included a total of 10,743 adolescent participants aged 12-17, drawn from the NSDUH database. The data were nationally representative of the United States population. The NSDUH conducted multimodal data collections throughout 2021, compiling information from households, non institutionalised group quarters, and civilians on military bases. Data were anonymized and available for public use.

The primary outcome measures were lifetime major depressive episodes (MDE), past year MDE, past year MDE with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and past year MDE with severe role impairment. All outcomes were binary dichotomous variables, with responses categorized as “Yes” or “No.” The NSDUH adapted discrete adolescent depression criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) to define lifetime MDE.

Past year depression was determined for those with lifetime MDE reporting a 2-week or longer period of depression in the past 12 months. Adolescents concurrently reporting alcohol abuse underwent assessments for alcohol use disorder. The Sheehan Disability Scale (Leon et al., 1997) measured the impact of a disorder on adolescents’ life, assessing role functioning in chores, relationships, and social life.

Adolescents were classified as having an MDE with severe impairment if their depression caused severe problems with their ability to do chores at home, do well at work or school, get along with their family or have a social life. Scores ≥7 in any domain indicated MDD with severe role impairment. Independent variable, cannabis use frequency was obtained by classifying past year cannabis use into four categories: non-user, mild user (1-11 days a year), moderate user (12-49 days a year), and heavy user (≥50 days a year) (Gukasyan & Strain, 2020).

Descriptive analysis characterized participant demographics and assessed the prevalence of cannabis use. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict the probabilities of experiencing lifetime major depressive episode, past year major depressive episode, major depressive episode with severe role impairment, major depressive episode with alcohol use disorder based on sociodemographic factors and cannabis use frequency. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) quantified the observed associations. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0, with a significance cutoff of 0.05 and a 95% confidence level.

Results

Participants Characteristic

Table 1 presents sociodemographic characteristic of participants (N= 10743, weighted about 25 million adolescents) by marijuana use. Weighted column percents and unweighted n of the total sample adolescents who had lifetime marijuana use across various sociodemographic variables and depression outcomes including severe impairment and alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Most of the adolescent participants with lifetime marijuana use are older adolescents (age 16-17, 63.9%), females (54.7%), non-Hispanic white (51.4%) followed by Hispanic (23.3%), with a total annual family income $50,000 or more (58.1) and are found to be statistically significant with crosstab chi-square analysis. In 2021, nearly 50% of adolescents who used cannabis experienced at least one major depressive episode (MDE) in their lifetime. Additionally, around 40% reported MDEs in the preceding year, with about 31% encountering MDEs associated with severe role impairment, and roughly 9% with co-occurring alcohol use disorder. All the depression outcomes including past year MDE with AUD demonstrated significant associations with marijuana use (p < 0.01).

Prediction by sociodemographic variables

The findings of the study (see Table 2) reveal significant associations between various demographic factors and the likelihood of experiencing depression outcomes. For lifetime MDE, adolescents aged 14-15 years exhibited a significantly higher likelihood (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.50- 1.89, p < 0.001), while those aged 16-17 years had an even greater likelihood (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.19-2.74, p < 0.001) compared to the reference group (12-13 years). A similar pattern was observed for past year MDE, with higher odds for both the 14-15 years group (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.52- 1.96, p < 0.001) and the 16-17 years group (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 2.02-2.6, p < 0.001). Concerning past year MDE with alcohol use disorder, the odds were significantly elevated for adolescents aged 14-15 years (OR = 4.75, 95% CI: 2.54-8.88, p < 0.001) and 16-17 years (OR = 7.56, 95% CI: 4.13-13.86, p < 0.001) compared to the reference group. Similarly, for past year MDE with severe role impairment, both the 14-15 years group (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.66-2.23, p < 0.001) and the 16-17 years group (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 2.03- 2.71, p < 0.001) displayed significantly higher odds.

For lifetime MDE, males demonstrated a significantly lower likelihood than female (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.27-0.33, p < 0.001), and this pattern persisted for past year MDE (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.27-0.34, p < 0.001). Similarly, for past year MDE with alcohol use disorder, male adolescents exhibited a markedly reduced likelihood (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.22-0.46, p < 0.001), as did for past year MDE with severe role impairment (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.26-0.33, p < 0.001).

In comparison with non-Hispanic white adolescents, the odds of lifetime MDE among African American adolescents were significantly lower (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.59-0.79, p < 0.001), and this pattern persisted for past year MDE (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56-0.77, p < 0.001) and past year MDE with severe role impairment (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57-0.81, p < 0.001). However, for past year MDE with alcohol use disorder, the odds were significantly lower only for African American adolescents (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.73, p = 0.004). In the Hispanic group, the odds of lifetime MDE were slightly higher (OR = 1.124, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25, p = 0.033), but there were no significant associations for past year MDE, past year MDE with alcohol use disorder, or past year MDE with severe role impairment.

For adolescents in families with an income of $20,000- $49,999, the odds of lifetime MDE were slightly elevated (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.38, p = 0.02) than less than $20,000 group. Although a similar trend was observed for past year MDE, it did not reach statistical significance (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.95-1.31, p = 0.19). There were no significant associations between this income range and past year MDE with alcohol use disorder or past year MDE with severe role impairment. In contrast, families with an income of $50,000 or more did not show any signifcant association with lifetime MDE (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.967-1.258, p = 0.14) or past year MDE (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.97-1.30, p = 0.11) or past year MDE with severe role impairment (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.98-1.37, p = 0.08). A statistically significant increase in the odds of past year MDE with alcohol use disorder (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.99-2.85, p = 0.05) has been observed.

Prediction by Cannabis use Frequency

Compared to those who never used cannabis, mild, moderate, and heavy cannabis users displayed progressively higher odds of lifetime MDE, past year MDE, past-year MDE with alcohol use disorder, and past year MDE with severe role impairment.

For mild cannabis users, the odds of lifetime MDE were substantially higher (OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 2.37-3.53, p < 0.001), and this trend persisted for past year MDE (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.56-3.85, p < 0.001), and past year MDE with severe role impairment (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 2.59-4.0, p < 0.001). Similarly, moderate cannabis users exhibited increased odds for all outcomes: lifetime MDE (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.98-3.41, p < 0.001), past year MDE (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 2.05-3.62, p < 0.001), and past year MDE with severe role impairment (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 2.22-4.04, p < 0.001).For heavy cannabis users, the odds were similarly elevated across all outcomes: lifetime MDE (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 2.43-3.57, p < 0.001), past year MDE (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 2.38-3.55, p < 0.001, and past year MDE with severe role impairment (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.42-3.70, p < 0.001).

The study findings indicate a consistent and escalating association between past-year cannabis use frequency and the likelihood of experiencing major depressive episodes (MDE) with co-occurring alcohol use disorder among adolescents. Compared to individuals who reported never using cannabis, mild cannabis users demonstrated a substantially higher odds ratio (OR = 18.0, 95% CI: 11.2-29.04, p < 0.001) for past-year MDE with alcohol use disorder. This pattern continued for moderate cannabis users, with a dramatic increase in the odds (OR = 29.0, 95% CI: 17.4-49.0, p < 0.001). Heavy cannabis users exhibited the highest risk, with an even greater odds ratio (OR = 33.0, 95% CI: 22.5-50.24, p < 0.001).

Discussion

The Depression has been reported as a common affective adverse event in adolescent marijuana users.However, current literature remains divisive on the depression risk in adolescent marijuana users. Most literature (Bolanis et al., 2020; Chadi et al., 2019; Schoeler et al., 2018) we found showed that adolescent marijuana users had higher odds of depression even after adjusting for concomitant substance use, which contrasts with other studies (Gobbi et al., 2019) showing low risk association. Such duality of findings regarding the adolescent’s depression association with marijuana use raises the possibility that cannabis use may increase depression under certain conditions, such as other substance use, adverse childhood experience. Those conditions might not always be mutually exclusive. Our result showed greater odds of depression, depression with severe impairment, and depression with alcohol disorder in any frequency of marijuana use. This study uniquely contributes by utilizing data from a recent national survey with larger sample size and sampling weights that allow authors to approximate the young marijuana users on a national level.

This population-based study is the first, to our knowledge, to examine the if the frequency of cannabis use can predict depression, depression with severe impairment, and depression with alcohol use disorder (AUD) simultaneously during adolescence from recent NSDUH data.

On top of that, predictive probability of sociodemographic variables to depression outcome and sociodemographic and depression outcomes correlates of marijuana use have been explored (see Table 1 and 2). Our study has following main findings. Female gender and White race followed by Hispanic have statistically higher marijuana consumption while some most studies (Assari et al., 2018; Hamilton et al., 2019; Terry‐McElrath et al., 2020) reported otherwise. The gender gap was already narrowing over time (Hemsing & Greaves, 2020), and the racial sample size difference might play a role here for this finding. Significantly higher likelihood of lifetime and past year major depressive episode (MDE), MDE with severe role impairment, as well as MDE with alcohol use disorder (p < 0.01), were observed among adolescents with a history of cannabis use.

As for the subjective dimension to the cannabis consumption among adolescents, between 63% and 75% of adolescents view moderate to heavy marijuana use as not posing a significant risk, and 35% of adolescents consider acquiring marijuana to be quite accessible. As cannabis use frequency increased, predicted prevalence of lifetime and past-year MDE, past year MDE with severe role impairment, past year MDE with AUD increased significantly (p < 0.001). The moderate (12- 49 days a year) and heavy (≥50 days a year) cannabis users showed particularly elevated odds in relation to MDE with alcohol use disorder.

Overall, 13% adolescents (weighted about 3 million adolescents) reported lifetime marijuana use. Any frequency of past year marijuana use predicted both depression and depression with AUD in adolescence. As far as we are aware no studies have investigated associations from cannabis use to both severe depression and depression with alcohol use disorder simultaneously. Few studies have investigated depression to cannabis use (Hoffmann, 2018), cannabis use to depression (Hengartner et al., 2020; Lawn et al., 2022; Mustonen et al., 2021), cannabis and alcohol use to depression (Fleming et al., 2021), depression to alcohol and cannabis use disorder (Rhew et al., 2017).

Most studies in our literature search demonstrated that depression was associated with increased subsequent cannabis use, alcohol use or simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana (SAM) during adolescence. Our study extends the current body of knowledge by predicting depression with alcohol use disorder by increasing frequency category of cannabis use (mild, moderate, heavy use) among adolescents. Compared to studies that have investigated the bidirectional associations between depression and cannabis use simultaneously, our study had the advantage of also examining alcohol use disorder and was based on a representative sample of today’s adolescents.

Our study findings bring out the hypothesis in the table of discussion that depression precedes cannabis use, whereby adolescents may use cannabis to reduce stress or relaxation (Moreno-Mansilla et al., 2021). Research also shows that the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis to alleviate negative affect is largely short-term benefit rather it increases baseline depression in long term (Cuttler et al., 2018). While adolescents might be taking marijuana, the gateway drug as a coping strategy for alleviation of stress, it increases their likelihood to consume other substance use like alcohol (Borodovsky and Budney, 2018; Scheier & Griffn, 2021).

Limitations and Strengths

Dosage of cannabis use could not be known from the NSDUH dataset; hence, the frequency of use was taken as a crude estimate. This can cause the borderline data from categories of use severity, in some instance to be intermingling given that an adolescent may consume cannabis at very high amount attributed a mild user to moderate category. The self-reported nature of data, frequency of cannabis use data may be prone to response bias and potential underreporting. The diagnosis of alcohol abuse disorder or depression were not confirmed through clinician assessment or objective measures like urine drug screen tests. Furthermore, The NSDUH data do not allow for the determination of the chronological onset sequence between Alcohol Use Disorders (SUD) and Major Depressive Episodes (MDE) among adolescents aged 12 to 17, preventing the establishment of whether SUD preceded MDE or vice versa. The authors would also like to acknowledge the presence of potential confounders especially developmental environment related factors.

Despite those limitations, the study’s strength is the large, nationally representative sample of the U.S. adolescent population aged 12 to 17. The study updates and contributes to the existing knowledge base by providing information from a recent NSDUH. The research addresses a significant gap in the literature by exploring factors associated with depression, depression with severe role impairment, or alcohol use disorder. It also investigates marijuana use frequency as a predictor for depression with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).

Conclusion

Our analyses identified use of marijuana as significant risk factors for all depression-related outcomes. Higher use of marijuana (moderate and heavy user) was also strongly associated with all depression outcomes, and the association with depression with alcohol use disorder was somewhat greater in magnitude than expected. Further research is needed to investigate the dose relationship between cannabis use frequency on depressive symptomatology with and without alcohol use disorder.

Misconceptions about marijuana safety and easy access might contribute to higher MDE rates among frequent users, necessitating further research on underlying motivation of substance use and youth sensitive corrective education. Clinicians should be aware that even any lifetime cannabis use in an adolescent suggests a higher likelihood of depression. Careful screening for depression and history co use of alcohol in an adolescent with any history of cannabis use should be investigated.

The limitations of NSDUH may constrain any deeper understanding between the cannabis user categories, nonetheless this work provides a starting point for further prospective research on the relationship between cannabis use frequency and affective disorders with and without polysubstance use in adolescence.

Acknowledgments

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-proft sectors.

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Understand the transformative potential of Raja Yoga in promoting stress reduction, focus improvement, and a greater sense of purpose.

Keywords:

Raja Yoga, Meditation, Self-transformation, Mindfulness, Soulfulness, Digital Technology

Bio

Dr B K Geeta Didi, Guinness world record holder for bringing positive change is a true embodiment of spiritual wisdom, has devoted over 35 years of her life to the Brahma Kumaris organisation, tirelessly working towards personal and global transformation. With fervor and passion, she imparts knowledge and nurtures the growth of individuals through spiritual, moral, and value education. Her teachings and guidance have left a profound impact on countless lives, helping individuals find inner peace, clarity, and purpose. Dr B K Geeta Didi’s deep understanding of spirituality and her ability to communicate complex concepts in a relatable manner make her a revered mentor. Through her unwavering dedication, she continues to inspire and uplift others on their spiritual journeys.

Abstract

In a world increasingly dominated by digital technology, Raja Yoga meditation emerges as a powerful tool for fostering global well-being. This paper delves into the empowering influence and self-transformative power of this ancient practice. Raja Yoga, with its emphasis on self-awareness and inner peace, equips individuals with the mental and emotional resilience necessary to navigate the myriad challenges of the digital age. The paper highlights the transformative potential of Raja Yoga in several key areas: stress reduction, focus improvement, and fostering a greater sense of purpose. These benefits are particularly pertinent in today’s fast-paced, digitally-driven society, where the constant bombardment of information can lead to heightened stress and a sense of disconnection. Furthermore, the paper discusses the innovative ways in which Raja Yoga is embracing technology to enhance its accessibility and personalise the meditation experience. Through apps, online classes, and virtual communities, practitioners can now engage with Raja Yoga in ways that ft seamlessly into their daily lives. This integration of traditional meditation techniques with modern technology not only makes Raja Yoga more accessible to a global audience but also ensures that the practice evolves to meet the needs of contemporary society. By merging the timeless wisdom of Raja Yoga with the advancements of the digital era, this practice is uniquely positioned to promote holistic well-being in the digitised world, offering a pathway to inner peace and resilience amidst the chaos of modern life.

Introduction

The ever-expanding digital landscape, while offering countless benefits, can also be a source of stress, anxiety, and a sense of disconnection (Teepe, Glase, & Reips, 2023). In this hyper-connected world, the ancient practice of Raja Yoga meditation offers a powerful counterpoint (Nagesh, Revitalizing Modern Minds: Embracing Brahma Kamari’s Raja Yoga Meditation for Modern Challenges, 2023). More than just a relaxation technique, Raja Yoga is a transformative journey that fosters inner peace, self-awareness, and a deeper connection to oneself. There is an empowering influence and self-transformative power of Raja Yoga meditation, with the potential to cultivate global well-being in the digital age (Nagesh, Brahma kumaris raja yoga meditation in modern times: Addressing the current issues and applications, 2023). Figure 1 illustrates the Yoga philosophy, which outlines four paths leading to enlightenment.

Aim:  

This study aims to examine how Raja Yoga equips individuals with the tools to navigate the complexities of the digital world, fostering stress reduction, improved focus, and a renewed sense of purpose. Furthermore, we will explore the innovative ways in which Raja Yoga is embracing technology to enhance accessibility and personalise the meditation experience.

Method

Via an extensive review of literature and personal experiences, this study explores Raja Yoga’s role in promoting holistic well-being in a digitised world. The research methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of existing scholarly articles, books, and credible online resources to understand the theoretical foundations and documented benefits of Raja Yoga. Additionally, personal anecdotes and qualitative data from practitioners were gathered to provide a practical perspective on the practice’s impact. This dual approach ensures a robust examination of both the empirical and experiential dimensions of Raja Yoga, highlighting its potential to enhance mental and emotional resilience, reduce stress, and improve focus. By integrating these diverse sources of information, the study aims to present a well-rounded view of how Raja Yoga can be effectively utilised to foster well-being in an increasingly digital society.

Results and Discussion

3.1 The Digital Age and its Impact on Well-being:

The digital age has undeniably revolutionised our lives. From instant communication across continents to information at our fingertips, technology offers unparalleled convenience and connectivity (Somani, 2021). However, this constant barrage of stimuli and the ever-present digital world come with a hidden cost – a potential detriment to our well-being.

While social media platforms connect us with loved ones and provide a platform for self-expression, they can also fuel feelings of inadequacy and social comparison (Qiu, 2024). The curated online personas we see can distort reality, leading to anxiety and low self-esteem. Additionally, the pressure to stay constantly connected can disrupt sleep patterns and contribute to a sense of information overload.

Despite these challenges, technology also offers potential solutions. Mindfulness apps and online meditation resources are becoming increasingly popular tools for managing stress and improving focus. Ultimately, the impact of the digital age on well-being depends on how we choose to interact with it (Büchi, 2024). By setting boundaries, fostering digital literacy, and embracing practices that promote mental well-being, we can harness the power of technology while safeguarding our emotional and mental health.

Digital age can affect well-being in the following ways:

Information Overload: The constant influx of information, news updates, and social media notifications can be overwhelming. This can lead to feelings of anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and decision fatigue.

Social Media Pressures: The curated perfection often portrayed on social media platforms can breed feelings of inadequacy, envy, and loneliness. The pressure to maintain an online presence can also contribute to stress and anxiety.

Attention Fragmentation: The constant availability of digital distractions disrupts our ability to focus for extended periods. This can negatively impact productivity, creativity, and the ability to engage deeply in tasks or relationships.

Sleep Disruption: The blue light emitted by electronic devices suppresses the production of melatonin, a hormone crucial for sleep regulation. This can lead to sleep disturbances, further impacting our overall well-being.

Social media, while fostering connection, can also be a breeding ground for negativity (Osborne, Costello, & Duckitt, 2023). The curated portrayal of others’ lives can lead to social comparison and feelings of inadequacy. Additionally, the pressure to maintain an online presence and the fear of missing out (FOMO) can further exacerbate anxiety and loneliness.

Furthermore, the digital world can be addictive. The constant notifications and dopamine hits we receive from social media and online games can disrupt sleep patterns and decrease attention spans. This can lead to a vicious cycle, where a lack of sleep further diminishes our ability to focus, making us crave the stimulation of digital devices even more.

3.2 Raja Yoga: A Pathway to Inner Peace:

In today’s fast-paced, technology-driven world, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed and disconnected from ourselves. The constant barrage of information and social media pressure can leave us feeling stressed, anxious, and yearning for a sense of inner peace. It’s in these moments that ancient practices like Raja Yoga meditation, offered by the Brahma Kumaris, emerge as a powerful tool for self-discovery and well-being.

The Brahma Kumaris, a global socio-spiritual organisation, promotes Raja Yoga as a path to self-realisation and spiritual connection (BK, Meditation, 2023). Unlike some meditation practices, Raja Yoga doesn’t require specific mantras or rituals. Instead, it focuses on cultivating self-awareness and inner peace through simple techniques. Here’s how Raja Yoga, as taught by the Brahma Kumaris, can be your gateway to inner tranquility:

Inner Refection: Raja Yoga meditation encourages us to turn our attention inwards. By focusing on the breath and observing our thoughts and emotions without judgment, we gain a deeper understanding of ourselves. This self-awareness is the first step towards managing stress and fostering emotional resilience.

Taming the Mind: Our minds are often bombarded with a constant stream of thoughts. Raja Yoga techniques, like focusing on a point of light or a spiritual image, help us train our attention and reduce mental chatter. This newfound mental discipline allows us to approach challenges with a calmer and more focused perspective.

Connecting with the Divine: The Brahma Kumaris emphasise the importance of connecting with our inner spiritual essence. Through Raja Yoga meditation, we cultivate a sense of peace and connection with a higher power, a source of strength and comfort in difficult times.

The beauty of Raja Yoga with the Brahma Kumaris is its accessibility. Their meditation sessions are open to all, regardless of age, background, or religious beliefs. They offer guided meditations, educational workshops, and online resources to make learning Raja Yoga convenient and easy to integrate into your daily life (Kumaris, 2024).

Raja Yoga, meaning “the royal path,” is an ancient practice that emphasises self-awareness and inner peace. The Brahma Kumaris teach a simple and accessible form of Raja Yoga meditation, focusing on withdrawing the attention from external stimuli and directing it inwards. Through meditation, we can cultivate a space of inner silence, a sanctuary from the digital chaos.

Reduced Stress and Anxiety: By focusing on the breath and cultivating inner stillness, meditation helps calm the mind and reduce stress hormones. This can lead to a sense of relaxation and emotional balance.

Enhanced Focus and Concentration: Meditation trains the mind to become more focused and less prone to distractions. This can improve our ability to concentrate on tasks in the digital world and beyond.

Increased Self-Awareness: Through meditation, we gain a deeper understanding of our thoughts, emotions, and reactions. This self-awareness empowers us to make conscious choices and respond to situations rather than simply react.

A Meditation for Everyone: Raja Yoga meditation with the Brahma Kumaris is open to people of all ages, backgrounds, and faiths. It requires no special equipment or rituals, making it easily accessible in the comfort of your own home. The Brahma Kumaris offer free meditation classes and resources online and in person, making it easier than ever to embark on your journey to inner peace.

In conclusion, Raja Yoga meditation with the Brahma Kumaris offers a powerful antidote to the challenges of the digital world. By cultivating inner peace, focus, and self-awareness, we can navigate the digital landscape with greater resilience and well-being. So, take a moment, close your eyes, and embark on your own journey to inner peace with Raja Yoga meditation.

3.3 Stress Reduction through Raja Yoga:

Chronic stress has become a defining characteristic of the modern world. Our fast-paced lives, bombarded by information and constant connectivity, leave us feeling perpetually on edge. Fortunately, ancient practices like Raja Yoga meditation offer a powerful tool for stress reduction, providing a much-needed oasis of calm in the digital storm.

Raja Yoga, meaning “royal union,” emphasises self-awareness and inner peace. One of its key benefits is its ability to combat stress. Here’s how:

Physiological Relaxation: Raja Yoga incorporates breathwork techniques like Pranayama. Focusing on the breath regulates the nervous system, lowering cortisol (the stress hormone) levels. This physiological shift promotes a sense of calm and reduces physical tension associated with stress.

Quieting the Mind: Stress often manifests as a constant mental chatter. Raja Yoga teaches us to observe our thoughts without judgment, creating a space between ourselves and our thoughts. This allows us to detach from negative thought patterns and anxieties, fostering mental tranquility.

Focus and Mindfulness: Raja Yoga meditation strengthens our ability to focus on the present moment. This reduces rumination on past worries and anxieties about the future, two major contributors to stress. By anchoring ourselves in the present, we learn to respond to situations calmly and thoughtfully, rather than reacting impulsively under stress.

Inner Peace and Resilience: Through regular practice, Raja Yoga cultivates a sense of inner peace and emotional resilience. This newfound mental strength allows us to better manage stressful situations and bounce back from challenges with greater ease.

The beauty of Raja Yoga for stress reduction lies in its cumulative effect. Regular practice cultivates a sense of inner calm that spills over into our daily lives. We become less reactive to external stressors and more equipped to navigate the complexities of the digital age with greater balance and composure.

Raja Yoga, meaning “royal union,” focuses on harnessing the mind’s power to achieve inner harmony. This practice equips us with techniques that directly target the physiological and psychological effects of stress. Here’s how Raja Yoga meditation helps to unwind the digital knot:

Physiological Relaxation: Stress triggers the release of cortisol, a hormone that puts our bodies into “fight-or-flight” mode. Raja Yoga incorporates deep breathing exercises that activate the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and lowering cortisol levels. This physiological shift reduces muscle tension, slows heart rate, and eases anxiety.

Taming the Thought Storm: The constant mental chatter characteristic of a stressed mind can be overwhelming. Raja Yoga meditation teaches us to observe our thoughts without judgment. By becoming aware of our thought patterns, we can break free from their negative infuence and cultivate a sense of calm amidst the mental storm.

Detachment from External Stimuli: Our digital world bombards us with information and notifcations, keeping our minds constantly engaged. Raja Yoga meditation teaches us to withdraw our attention from external stimuli and focus inwards. This allows us to disconnect from the constant mental chatter and reconnect with our inner peace.

Building Resilience: Chronic stress can leave us feeling overwhelmed and vulnerable. Raja Yoga meditation strengthens our mental and emotional resilience. By regularly practicing mindfulness and self-awareness, we develop the capacity to respond to stressful situations with calmness and composure rather than reacting impulsively.

3.4 Cultivating Emotional Resilience:

The digital age throws a lot at us. From the constant barrage of news to the curated perfection of social media, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed and emotionally drained. This is where emotional resilience comes in the ability to bounce back from setbacks, navigate challenging emotions, and maintain a sense of well-being even in the face of adversity. Fortunately, ancient practices like Raja Yoga meditation offer powerful tools to cultivate this vital skill.

Raja Yoga, meaning “royal union,” emphasises self-awareness and inner peace. By focusing inward, we gain a deeper understanding of our emotions and how they influence our thoughts and actions. Here’s how Raja Yoga helps build a stronger emotional core:

Understanding Your Triggers: Through meditation, we learn to observe our reactions to situations and identify the emotions that Unise our triggers – the events or circumstances that typically throw us off balance. By knowing our triggers, we can anticipate them and develop healthier coping mechanisms.

Acceptance, Not Judgment: Often, our emotional reactions are fueled by resistance to what is happening. Raja Yoga teaches acceptance, not judgment, of our emotions. By acknowledging our feelings without negativity, we detach from them and regain control. This allows us to respond calmly rather than react impulsively.

Developing Detachment: The digital world can fuel a constant need for external validation. Raja Yoga promotes inner strength and a sense of self-worth independent of external circumstances. This detachment allows us to be less affected by negativity online or setbacks in life.

Building a Positive Mindset: Raja Yoga meditation cultivates a sense of optimism and hope. By focusing on the present moment and appreciating the good things in life, we train our minds to see the positive even in challenging situations. This positive outlook fosters resilience and helps us navigate diffculties with a sense of perspective.

Emotional resilience is not about becoming emotionless. It’s about acknowledging, accepting, and managing our emotions effectively. Raja Yoga meditation equips us with the tools to do just that. By strengthening our emotional core, we become better equipped to handle the inevitable ups and downs of life, navigate the digital world with greater ease, and ultimately, thrive in the face of adversity.

Raja Yoga equips us with several tools to build inner strength:

Emotional Regulation: Through meditation techniques like breathwork and visualisation, we learn to regulate our emotional responses. Instead of being swept away by negative emotions, we can observe them objectively and choose a more positive and constructive response.

Acceptance and Non-judgment: Life throws curveballs, and negative emotions are a natural part of the human experience. Raja Yoga teaches us to accept these emotions without judgment. By not resisting them, we allow them to fow through us and eventually dissipate.

Inner Peace as a Foundation: Regular meditation practice cultivates a sense of inner peace that serves as a foundation for emotional resilience. When we feel grounded and centered, we are better equipped to handle the inevitable ups and downs of life.

Developing Detachment: The digital world often fuels feelings of attachment to possessions, social validation, and certain outcomes. Raja Yoga encourages us to cultivate a sense of detachment. This doesn’t mean indifference, but rather a healthy distance from external circumstances, allowing us to maintain emotional stability.

Building Self-Compassion: Raja Yoga fosters self-compassion, the ability to treat ourselves with kindness and understanding. This is crucial for emotional resilience. When we are compassionate towards ourselves, we are less likely to be consumed by self-criticism and negativity, which can exacerbate emotional distress.

Cultivating emotional resilience through Raja Yoga is an ongoing process. However, with consistent practice, we can develop the inner strength and emotional intelligence to navigate the challenges of the modern world with greater ease. Raja Yoga empowers us to not just survive in the digital age, but to thrive, fostering a sense of well-being that allows us to fully embrace life’s experiences, both positive and negative.

Here’s how Raja Yoga meditation fosters emotional resilience:

Understanding Your Emotions: Raja Yoga teaches us to observe our emotions without judgment. This allows us to understand their root causes and identify healthy ways to express or manage them. By acknowledging our emotions instead of suppressing them, we gain greater control over our reactions.

Acceptance and Detachment: Life throws curveballs. Raja Yoga meditation helps us cultivate acceptance of what we cannot control. By letting go of negativity and focusing on the present moment, we lessen the emotional impact of challenges. Building Inner Strength: Through regular meditation practice, we develop mental discipline. This allows us to manage diffcult emotions and resist negative impulses. We become less reactive and more proactive in handling stressful situations.

Finding Inner Peace: At its core, Raja Yoga aims to cultivate inner peace. This sense of calm becomes a foundation for emotional resilience. When faced with challenges, we can draw upon this inner peace to maintain composure and navigate them more effectively.

Raja Yoga meditation isn’t a magic bullet, but it’s a powerful tool. Consistent practice equips us with the skills to manage our emotions effectively. In a world that often bombards us with negativity, Raja Yoga offers a path to inner strength and emotional well-being, empowering us to thrive in the face of adversity.

3.5 Meditation Meets Modernity:

The digital age reigns supreme, offering instant connection and a wealth of information at our fingertips. However, this constant connectivity comes with a hidden cost a rise in stress, anxiety, and a yearning for inner peace. Here’s where a timeless practice, Raja Yoga meditation, steps in, surprisingly finding fertile ground in the digital sphere.

Traditionally, Raja Yoga focused on self-discovery and inner peace through guided instruction and introspection. Today, however, technology is revolutionising its accessibility and reach. Here’s how Raja Yoga is embracing the digital world:

Mobile Meditation Apps: Numerous apps offer guided Raja Yoga meditations tailored for different needs and experience levels. These apps provide a convenient and portable way to integrate meditation into daily life, even amidst busy schedules.

Online Courses and Tutorials: The internet provides a vast library of online courses and tutorials on Raja Yoga meditation. This allows individuals to learn at their own pace and explore different meditation techniques from the comfort of their homes.

Virtual Communities: Online communities dedicated to Raja Yoga meditation offer a space for connection and support. These online groups foster a sense of belonging and allow individuals to share experiences, ask questions, and stay motivated in their practice.

Interactive Meditation Tools: Technology is also paving the way for interactive meditation tools. Biofeedback devices, for instance, can provide real-time feedback on physiological responses during meditation, helping users refne their practice and achieve deeper states of relaxation.This digital embrace of Raja Yoga offers several advantages:

Increased Accessibility: Technology removes geographical barriers, making Raja Yoga meditation accessible to a wider audience than ever before. Anyone with an internet connection can now learn and practice this ancient technique.

Personalised Experience: Digital tools allow for personalised meditation experiences. Apps and online courses can cater to individual preferences and learning styles, making the practice more engaging and effective.

Community Building: Online communities foster a sense of connection and belonging among practitioners, providing valuable support and motivation for continued practice. However, it’s important to acknowledge the potential downsides:

Tech Overload: While technology can enhance accessibility, relying solely on digital tools can defeat the purpose. It’s crucial to maintain a balance between digital meditation and traditional practices.

Distraction: The digital world itself can be a source of distraction. Practicing meditation in a quiet, distraction-free environment remains essential to reap its full benefts.

In conclusion, Raja Yoga’s embrace of the digital sphere opens doors to a wider audience seeking inner peace in a world brimming with digital stimuli. Technology offers convenient tools and fosters a sense of community, but it’s vital to maintain a balance with traditional practices and prioritise a distraction-free environment. By harnessing the power of technology responsibly, Raja Yoga meditation can continue to empower individuals to cultivate inner peace and navigate the complexities of the digital age with greater clarity and well-being.,

By embracing technology, Raja Yoga is no longer confned to meditation centers or yoga studios. It’s transforming into a dynamic and accessible practice that can be integrated into our digital lives. This integration empowers individuals to cultivate inner peace, manage stress, and enhance well-being, fostering a sense of calm amidst the constant digital buzz.

Conclusion

For centuries, Raja Yoga meditation has been touted for its ability to promote inner peace and well-being. However, in recent years, science has begun to catch up with tradition, validating the positive effects of this ancient practice. Let’s delve into the scientific evidence supporting Raja Yoga’s benefits:

Stress Reduction: Numerous studies have shown that Raja Yoga meditation effectively reduces stress hormones like cortisol. By activating the parasympathetic nervous system, Raja Yoga promotes relaxation and counteracts the body’s flight-or-fight response.

Improved Focus and Attention: Brain imaging studies reveal that Raja Yoga meditation enhances activity in areas associated with focus and attention. Regular practice strengthens our ability to flter out distractions and maintain concentration in a world filled with stimuli.

Emotional Regulation: Research suggests that Raja Yoga meditation leads to increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, a region crucial for emotional regulation. This translates to a better ability to manage emotions and respond to challenges with composure.

Enhanced Sleep Quality: Studies have shown that Raja Yoga meditation can improve sleep quality. By reducing stress and promoting relaxation, it allows individuals to fall asleep faster and experience deeper, more restorative sleep.

Cognitive Benefits: Emerging research points towards potential cognitive benefits associated with Raja Yoga meditation. Studies suggest it may improve memory, cognitive flexibility, and overall cognitive function.

It’s important to note that research on Raja Yoga is ongoing, and further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind its benefits. However, the growing body of scientific evidence strengthens the case for Raja Yoga as a valuable tool for promoting mental and emotional well-being.

Beyond the studies mentioned above, Raja Yoga’s benefits are often described in terms of:

Increased Self-Awareness: Through meditation, individuals gain a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behavioral patterns. This self-awareness empowers them to make conscious choices and cultivate positive change.

Greater Sense of Well-being: Raja Yoga fosters a sense of inner peace and well-being that transcends temporary emotional states. This holistic approach to well-being enhances overall quality of life. Science is backing the benefits of Raja Yoga through the following:

Stress Reduction: Studies have shown that Raja Yoga meditation practices like mindful breathing and focused attention effectively activate the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and reducing stress lates to lowered blood pressure, decreased anxiety, and improved sleep quality.

Enhanced Focus and Cognition: Research suggests that Raja Yoga meditation can improve cognitive function. Studies have shown positive effects on working memory, attention span, and executive function the mental skills that govern decision-making and planning.

Emotional Regulation: Raja Yoga’s emphasis on self-awareness equips individuals to identify and manage emotions effectively. Brain imaging studies show that meditation practices can strengthen areas associated with emotional regulation, leading to greater resilience and a decrease in reactivity.

Improved Physical Health: The stress-reduction benefits of Raja Yoga can positively impact physical health. Studies have linked meditation practices to lower blood pressure, improved immune function, and reduced pain perception.

While research is ongoing, the growing body of evidence is promising. Raja Yoga meditation appears to be more than just a feel-good practice; it offers tangible benefits for both mental and physical well-being.

Here are some key considerations when evaluating scientific research on Raja Yoga:

Standardization of Practices: Raja Yoga encompasses various techniques. Studies need to clearly define the specific practices used to ensure generalizability of findings.

Control Groups: Strong research designs involve comparison groups that don’t participate in meditation. This helps isolate the effects of Raja Yoga from other factors influencing well-being.

Long-Term Effects: Many studies focus on short-term benefits. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of consistent Raja Yoga practice.

The scientific exploration of Raja Yoga is in its early stages, but the initial findings are encouraging. As research continues, we can expect a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which this ancient practice promotes well-being in the modern world. This growing body of evidence reinforces the value of Raja Yoga as a powerful tool for navigating the complexities of the digital age and fostering holistic well-being.

Integration with Healthcare: The growing scientific evidence supporting the benefits of Raja Yoga might pave the way for its integration with mainstream healthcare. Imagine meditation apps being prescribed by doctors or Raja Yoga becoming a standard practice in stress management programs.

4.1 The Future of Raja Yoga in a Digital World

The digital age presents both challenges and opportunities for ancient practices like Raja Yoga meditation. As technology continues to evolve, so too will Raja Yoga, adapting and integrating with the digital sphere to reach a wider audience and offer even greater benefits. Figure 2 provides a glimpse into the potential future of Raja Yoga:

AI-Powered Personalization: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to personalize the Raja Yoga experience further. Imagine AI-powered apps that analyse your emotional state and tailor meditation practices to address specific needs in real-time.

Virtual Reality (VR) Immersion: VR technology can create immersive meditation environments, transporting users to serene landscapes or calming virtual temples. This could enhance focus and mindfulness during meditation practice.

Biofeedback Integration and Gamification: Advanced biofeedback technologies could provide even more detailed feedback on physiological responses during meditation. Gamification techniques could be incorporated to create engaging and motivating meditation experiences.

Global Community Building: Digital platforms can facilitate the creation of even more vibrant online Raja Yoga communities. These communities can foster a sense of global connection and shared purpose, promoting peace and well-being across borders.

Scientific Validation and Integration: The future holds promise for further research into the benefits of Raja Yoga. As scientific evidence grows, it could lead to the integration of Raja Yoga practices into mainstream healthcare and stress management programs.

The future of Raja Yoga in the digital world is not about replacing traditional practices, but rather, about enhancing them. Technology can provide new tools and experiences that make Raja Yoga more accessible, engaging, and effective. This symbiotic relationship between ancient wisdom and modern technology has the potential to empower individuals around the globe to cultivate inner peace, emotional resilience, and a sense of well-being in the ever-evolving digital landscape.

References

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Didi, D. B. (n.d.). Future of Raja Yoga. Brahma Kumaris.

Jain, R. (2022, 06 06). What Is Raja Yoga? The Yoga of Self-Control Demystifed. Retrieved from Arhanta Yoga: https://www.arhantayoga.org/ blog/raja-yoga/

Kumaris, P. B. (2024). Understanding Consciousness. Rajasthan: Brahma Kumaris Retrieved from https://www. brahmakumaris.com/bkuc.

Nagesh, N. V. (2023). Brahma kumaris raja yoga meditation in modern times: Addressing the current issues and applications. Journal of Emmerg ing Technologies and Innovative Research, 65-77.

Nagesh, N. V. (2023). Revitalizing Modern Minds: Embracing Brahma Kamari’s Raja Yoga Meditation for Modern Challenges. Journal of Emerginf Technologies and Innovative Research , 714-736.

Nagesh, N. V. (2023). The Transformative Power of Brahma Kumaris Raja Yoga Meditation: Emerging Trends and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology , 554-563.

Osborne, D., Costello, T., & Duckitt, J. e. (2023). The psychological causes and societal consequences of authoritarianism. Nat Rev Psychol, 220– 232.

Qiu, Y. (2024). Social Comparison on Social Media Platforms: A media and communication Perspective. SHS Web of Conferences.

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This research paper explores the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on education and equality. It discusses the closure of schools, the shift towards remote learning, and the challenges faced by students and educators. In addition, the study examines the consequences on academic progress, access to educational resources, and widening inequalities.

Keywords

COVID-19, Education, Equality, Remote learning, Academic progress.

Bio

Prof. Dr Parin Somani is Chairperson of Global Research Conferences, Chief Editor of Global Research   Journal, Independent Academic Scholar, TEDx Speaker, Educator, International Motivational speaker, Author, Writer, Banker, Humanitarian, Philanthropist and Multi-International Award Winner. She has achieved Eight Doctorate degrees and has been recognised Five times in the World Book of Records, Twice in the India Book of Records, Asia Book of Records, Karnataka Book of Records and also in the Golden Book of World Records. With the aim to help global societies in the field of Education, Women Empowerment and Youth Development. Prof. Dr. Parin Somani has travelled to more than 117 countries around the world and has published 41+ educational papers, newspaper/magazine articles, 19 books and featured in 100+ videos, 177+ newspapers/ books for her amazing societal contribution. During the COVID-19 pandemic she has helped to educate 100,000+ people globally through her Humanitarian work hence, invited to deliver her research at Harvard University and invited by Governors of different Indian States to discuss challenging issues to help global societies.

Abstract

The emergence of the novel coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, has caused an unprecedented global health crisis, disrupting societies, economies, and numerous aspects of daily life. One of the areas profoundly affected by the pandemic is education, as schools and educational institutions around the world have been compelled to close their doors temporarily or transition to remote learning. The significant impact of COVID-19 on education has raised concerns about the exacerbation of existing inequalities and the potential long-term consequences for learners and societies. This research paper explores the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on education and equality. It discusses the closure of schools, the shift towards remote learning, and the challenges faced by students and educators. In addition, the study examines the consequences on academic progress, access to educational resources, and widening inequalities. Furthermore, it explores strategies and interventions aimed at mitigating the negative effects and promoting educational equity. The findings highlight the urgent need for innovative approaches to ensure inclusive and equitable education in times of crisis. By critically analysing the impact of COVID-19 on education and equality, this research study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the ongoing crisis and stimulate informed discussions on the measures needed to ensure equitable access to quality education for all learners, especially during times of extraordinary challenges.

Introduction

The emergence of the novel coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, has caused an unprecedented global health crisis, disrupting societies, economies, and numerous aspects of daily life. One of the areas profoundly affected by the pandemic is education, as schools and educational institutions around the world have been compelled to close their doors temporarily or transition to remote learning. The significant impact of COVID-19 on education has raised concerns about the exacerbation of existing inequalities and the potential long-term consequences for learners and societies. This research paper explores the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on education and equality. Education is widely recognized as a fundamental pillar of development, a catalyst for social progress, and a key determinant of individual opportunities and outcomes. However, the pandemic has created a myriad of challenges that have disrupted the education system and jeopardized the achievement of these critical goals.

Firstly, the paper will examine the immediate effects of COVID-19 on educational systems worldwide, highlighting the abrupt closures of schools and the rapid shift to remote learning modalities. This section will delve into the challenges faced by educators, students, and parents during the transition to online education, including issues of access to technology, connectivity, and digital literacy. Furthermore, it will analyse the consequences of disrupted classroom instruction on learning outcomes, academic progress, and socio-emotional development.

For instance, a study conducted by UNESCO (2020) reported that 1.5 billion learners in 191 countries were affected by school closures due to COVID-19 (UNESCO, 2020). The study highlighted the challenges faced by students in accessing online learning platforms and the adverse effects on learning outcomes. Another research by Engzell et al. (2020) examined the impact of school closures on educational inequality using data from Sweden and found that the closures widened existing disparities in academic performance between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds (Engzell, Frey, & Verhagen, 2020).

Secondly, the research will investigate the unequal impact of the pandemic on different student populations. It will explore how pre-existing disparities based on socioeconomic status, gender, geographic location, and other factors have been exacerbated during the crisis. The paper will examine the disproportionate effects on marginalized groups, such as students from low-income backgrounds, rural areas, ethnic minorities, and individuals with disabilities.  Additionally, it will analyse  the  challenges faced  by vulnerable populations, including refugees, displaced persons, and those lacking access to necessary support structures.

A study by Chetty et al. (2020) examined the unequal access to online learning during the pandemic in the United States and found that students from low-income communities and schools with a high proportion of minority students had less access to online platforms and experienced greater learning losses (Chetty, Friedman, Hendren, Stepner, & Team, 2020). Another study by United Nations (2021) highlighted the impact of COVID-19 on refugee education, pointing out that school closures and limited access to technology disproportionately affected refugee children, exacerbating their educational inequalities (UN, 2021).

Furthermore, the study will explore the long-term consequences of the pandemic on educational equity. It will examine how the disruptions caused by COVID-19 could lead to increased dropout rates, learning gaps, and a widening of educational inequalities. The paper will also discuss the potential effects on higher education, such as enrolment patterns, access to resources, and implications for future employment prospects.

Research by Bacher-Hicks et al. (2021) investigated the impact of school closures on student learning in the United States and projected significant learning losses, particularly for disadvantaged students (Bacher-Hicks, Goodman, & Mulhern, 2021). The study emphasized the importance of targeted interventions and resources to mitigate the long-term effects of the pandemic on educational equity. Additionally, a report by the World Bank (2021) highlighted the potential consequences of COVID-19 on higher education, including reduced enrolment rates, financial constraints, and disruptions to research activities, with a disproportionate impact on students from low-income backgrounds (WB, 2021).

By critically analysing the impact of COVID-19 on education and equality, this research paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the ongoing crisis and stimulate informed discussions on the measures needed to ensure equitable access to quality education for all learners, especially during times of extraordinary challenges.

Objectives

This research paper aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on education and equality. It examines the disruptions caused by the closure of schools and the subsequent shift towards remote learning. Additionally, it investigates the consequences of these changes on students’ academic progress, access to educational resources, and the exacerbation of existing inequalities. Finally, strategies and interventions are suggested that can help mitigate the negative effects and promote educational equity during times of crisis. A review of published and grey literature sources has been examined within this study.

Results and Discussion

Disruption of Learning

One of the most immediate and apparent impacts of COVID-19 on education has been the disruption of learning. According to UNESCO, at the peak of the crisis, over 1.6 billion students in more than 190 countries were affected by school closures (Somani, Post Covid-19 Effects on the Future of Students in Higher Education, 2021). The closure of schools and educational institutions has resulted in the loss of valuable instructional time, with students being unable to access face- to-face teaching and interaction with their peers. The disruption has been particularly challenging for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, who may lack access to resources and support systems outside of school.

To control the spread of the virus, many countries implemented school closures, resulting in a shift to remote learning. However, not all students had access to the necessary technology, internet connectivity, or supportive home environments to effectively participate in online education (Somani, Information Technology Challenges Faced during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Higher Education, 2021). This digital divide disproportionately affected students from disadvantaged backgrounds, widening existing educational inequalities. The transition to remote learning during the pandemic has highlighted and exacerbated existing inequalities in access to technology and internet connectivity. This digital divide has widened educational inequalities, as students without access to online resources and support have been left at a disadvantage. The lack of equitable access to online learning has disproportionately affected marginalized and vulnerable groups, further deepening existing disparities.

Inequitable Access to Online Learning

The transition to remote learning during the pandemic has highlighted and exacerbated existing inequalities in access to technology and internet connectivity. Many students, especially those from low-income households or rural areas, lack the necessary devices, internet access, or digital skills to participate effectively in online learning (Somani, E-learning in Tomorrow’s Age, 2021). This digital divide has widened educational inequalities, as students without access to online resources and support have been left at a disadvantage. The lack of equitable access to online learning has disproportionately affected marginalized and vulnerable groups, further deepening existing disparities. During educational institutional closures social inequality processes were highlighted as in figure 1. The psychological functioning of students is influenced by divides in economy, structure and digitalisation, contributing to heightened inequalities.

Increased Education Inequality

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in education inequality. Vulnerable and marginalized groups, such as girls,

Figure 1. (Goudeau, Sanrey, & Stanczak, 2021)

children with disabilities, refugees, and those from low-income families, have faced increased barriers to education. According to UNICEF, approximately 168 million children globally have been out of school for almost a year due to school closures, exacerbating inequalities in access to education (UNICEF, 2021). Girls, in particular, are at risk of being disproportionately affected, as they may face increased household chores, early marriage, or other forms of gender-based discrimination during the pandemic.

Gender disparities

COVID-19 has also highlighted gender disparities in education. In some cases, girls have faced increased barriers to education, including heightened domestic responsibilities, early marriages, and economic hardships within their families. These challenges can result in a higher dropout rate and hinder progress towards gender equality in education (Somani, Strengthening Women Empowerment and Gender Equality in India, 2022).

Academic Performance

Extended periods of school closures and disrupted learning have led to learning loss and a negative impact on academic performance. Studies conducted during the pandemic have shown a decline in student learning outcomes, particularly in reading and mathematics (Kuhfeld, 2020). The consequences of learning loss are likely to be more severe for students from disadvantaged backgrounds who may have limited access to supplementary educational resources and support systems outside of school. The long-term impact of learning loss on educational equality is a cause for concern, as it may perpetuate existing disparities and hinder social mobility.

Learning loss

The disruption caused by school closures and the transition to remote learning has resulted in significant learning loss for many students. The quality of online education varied widely, and some students struggled to adapt to virtual learning environments, leading to gaps in knowledge and skills (Somani, PAVING A PATHWAY TO A ‘NEW NORMAL’ THROUGH EDUCATION, 2021). This learning loss has been particularly detrimental to students from marginalized communities who may have limited access to resources for catching up.

Figure 2. (Ruzlin, et al., 2021)

Mental Health and Well-being

The pandemic has taken a toll on the mental health and well-being of students, teachers, and parents. The abrupt shift to remote learning, social isolation, increased stress, and anxieties associated with the pandemic have affected the overall well-being of individuals, potentially impacting their ability to learn and engage effectively in educational activities (Somani, The Impact of COVID-19 on Human Psychology. , 2020). Students from disadvantaged backgrounds may face additional challenges in managing their mental health due to limited access to support services and resources. Addressing the mental health needs of students and providing adequate support is essential to ensure educational equality during and after the pandemic.

There has been a profound impact on the mental health and well-being of students. Isolation, uncertainty, and disrupted routines have led to increased stress, anxiety, and depression among many students (Somani, COVID-19 Lockdown Impact On Education, 2021). The lack of social interaction and support systems that schools provide can further exacerbate these challenges, disproportionately affecting vulnerable students. Figure 2 highlights that within a study carried out by Ruzlin et al, the prevalence of stress within students was 37%, anxiety 33% and depression 25% respectively (Ruzlin, et al., 2021).

Increased Dropout Rates

School closures and the economic consequences of the pandemic have led to increased dropout rates, particularly among students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Many students have been forced into labour or marriage, while others have lost interest or motivation to continue their education (UN, 2021). The increased dropout rates threaten to widen educational inequalities further, as marginalized, and vulnerable students (UN, 2021). The increased dropout rates threaten to widen educational inequalities further, as marginalized, and vulnerable students are disproportionately affected. Efforts must be made to identify and support students at risk of dropping out, providing targeted interventions to ensure their continued education.

Special needs education

Students with disabilities or special needs faced unique challenges during the pandemic. The shift to online learning often posed difficulties for students requiring individualized support and accommodations. Access to specialized services, therapies, and assistive technologies was disrupted, further marginalizing these students.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges for the education sector, disrupting learning processes and deepening existing inequalities. The closure of schools and the shift towards remote learning have had profound consequences for students’ academic progress and access to educational resources. Marginalized and vulnerable populations have been disproportionately affected, exacerbating educational inequities. However, strategies such as ensuring access to technology, providing support for special needs students, addressing mental health concerns, and fostering community engagement can help mitigate the negative effects. By prioritizing educational equity and implementing inclusive policies, societies can build a more resilient and equitable education system for the future.

Inequalities have been exacerbated highlighting existing educational disparities and creating new challenges for students, teachers, and communities. The disruption of learning, inequitable access to online learning, increased education inequality, learning loss, mental health concerns, and increased dropout rates are among the key areas of concern. Addressing these issues requires a multi-faceted approach that involves policy interventions, investment in technology and infrastructure, targeted support for marginalized and vulnerable groups, and collaboration between governments, educational institutions, and civil society organizations. It is essential to prioritize educational equality and ensure that the most disadvantaged students are not left further behind as we navigate the post-pandemic era. Steps such as providing equitable access to technology and internet connectivity, offering targeted support to disadvantaged students, implementing catch-up programs, prioritizing mental health and well-being, and ensuring inclusive education for all students, including those with special needs, can help mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic and promote educational equality.

References

Bacher-Hicks, A., Goodman, J., & Mulhern, C. (2021). Inequality in Household Adaptation to Schooling Shocks: Covid-Induced Online Learning Engagement in Real Time. NBER Working Paper.

Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., Hendren, N., Stepner, M., & Team, O. O. (2020). How did COVID-19 and Stabilization Policies Affect Spending and Employment? A New Real-Time Economic Tracker Based on Private Sector Data. NBER Working Paper.

Engzell, P., Frey, A., & Verhagen, M.D. (2020). Learning Inequality during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (p. 118). National Academy of Sciences.

Goudeau, S., Sanrey, C., & Stanczak, A.e. (2021). Why lockdown and distance learning during the COVID- 19 pandemic are likely to increase the social class achievement gap. Nataral Human Behaviour, 1273–1281.

Kuhfeld, M. e. (2020). Projecting the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 School Closures on Academic Achievement. . Working paper in progress.

Ruzlin, A. N., Chen, X. W., Yunus, R. M., Samsudin, E. Z., Selamat, M. I., & Ismail, Z. (2021). Promoting Mental  Health  During  the  COVID-19 Pandemic: A Hybrid, Innovative Approach in Malaysia. Front. Public Health.

Somani, P. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Human Psychology. . In B. S. Lal, & N. Patel, Economics of Covid-19 Digital Health Education & Psychology (pp. 328-357). New Delhi: Adhyayan Publishers & Distributors.

Somani,  P.  (2021).  COVID-19 Lockdown Impact On Education. In P. Somani, P. Sisodia, & L. N. Jayanthi, Lockdown Impacts (pp. 1-10). Tamilnadu: ESN Publications.

Somani,  P.  (2021).  E-learning in Tomorrow’s Age. Proceedings ARICBEST (pp. 3-10). Oxford: London Institute of Skills Development.

Somani, P. (2021). Information Technology Challenges Faced during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Higher Education. International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Technology, 106.

Somani, P. (2022). Strengthening Women Empowerment and Gender Equality in India. International Journal of Social Science And Human Research, 271-275.

U N.(2021). Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on Children. Retrieved from . Geneva: United Nations.

UNESCO. (2020). Education: From Disruption to Recovery. Geneva: UNESCO.

UNICEF. (2021). Education. Retrieved from . Retrieved from UNICEF: https:// www.unicef.org/education

W B (2021). COVID-19 Crisis through a Migration Lens. Retrieved from World Bank: https://openknowledge. worldbank.org/handle/10986/34961.

This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of organic lip balms using natural ingredients such as beeswax, shea butter, coconut oil, and essential oils.

Keywords:

Lip balm, Organic ingredients, Formulation, Evaluation, Sustainability.

Bio

Dr. Beema Jainab S. is working as Associate Professor in the Department of Botany at Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women (Autonomous) Chennai, started her career as B.Ed Lecturer then as Lecturer (Management) and as Assistant Professor (Government Aided). She has a Doctorate in the feld of Phycology. She has played various roles as District coordinator in Biodiversity Conservation, Assistant Director in World Women’s Welfare Association, Committee member in Ariviyal poonga, Board of studies member, Subject expert, Lead Auditor, Scrutinizing member, Staff Selection board member, Editor and Sub editor in reputed journals. Renowned speaker in various Schools, Colleges and University, Alumnae Joint Secretary, Project coordinator and so on.

She has received 28 awards to mention a few Outstanding Educator award 2023(U.K), Best paper presentation Award 2023, Outstanding faculty award (Malaysia), Doctor of Letters (U.K). She has presented papers in Bangkok and Pataya in Thailand. She has co-authored a Book in Tamil “Panmuga knokil thavarayial” in English “Fundamentals of Botany” and Booklet on “Trees of J.B.A.S College”.

She has published 38 research papers and articles in National, International, Scopus, UGC care list and Peer reviewed journals She has presented 35 research papers in National and International conferences. BIO Abstract Lip balm is a crucial component of lip care, particularly in protecting lips from dryness and chapping, which can be exacerbated by environmental factors. This research delves into the formulation and evaluation of organic lip balms, emphasizing the benefits they offer over conventional counterparts. Organic lip balms, crafted from sustainably sourced natural ingredients, not only provide hydration and protection but also align with eco-conscious values.

The study investigates various organic formulations, assesses their efficacy, and compares them with conventional options. Furthermore, it addresses challenges in formulation, advocates for sustainability in the cosmetics industry, and provides recommendations for improvement.

1.0 Introduction

Lip balm serves as a protective barrier against dryness and chapping, especially since lips lack oil glands, making them susceptible to environmental stressors (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2020). Conventional lip balms often contain synthetic chemicals, while organic formulations prioritize natural ingredients sourced sustainably (Personal Care Magazine, 2019). This research aims to explore the benefits of organic lip balms, including their formulation, efficacy, and impact on lip health (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018). By advocating for sustainability in the cosmetics industry, this study contributes to eco- friendly practices and promotes consumer awareness (Journal of Consumer Research, 2020).

Objectives

• To understand formulation techniques for organic lip balms.
• To evaluate the efficacy of organic ingredients in lip care products.
• To address challenges and opportunities in organic lip balm formulation.
• To promote sustainability in the cosmetics industry through organic lip care products.

Lip balm serves as a protective barrier against dryness and chapping, especially since lips lack oil glands, making them susceptible to environmental stressors (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2020). Conventional lip balms often contain synthetic chemicals, while organic formulations prioritize natural ingredients sourced sustainably (Personal Care Magazine, 2019). This research aims to explore the benefits of organic lip balms, including their formulation, efficacy, and impact on lip health (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018). By advocating for sustainability in the cosmetics industry, this study contributes to eco-friendly practices and promotes consumer awareness (Journal of Consumer Research, 2020).

Materials and Methods

Organic Ingredients:

• The following organic ingredients were utilized in formulating the lip balms: Beetroot powder (Organic Herbs, 2024)
• Rose powder (Organic Herbs, 2024) Strawberry powder (Organic Herbs, 2024) Honey (Health Food Store, 2024)
• Almond oil (Health Food Store, 2024)
• Essential oils (lavender, peppermint, or rose) (Essential Oils, 2024) Vitamin E capsules (Health Food Store, 2024)
• Shea butter (Organic Supplier, 2024) Cocoa butter (Organic Supplier, 2024) Beeswax (Local Honey, 2024)
• The ingredients used for the preparation were sourced from the organic food store. Preparation Method:

Melting the Beeswax:

A medium cube-sized beeswax (approximately 10 grams) was taken in a glass jar and melted using the double boiling method (Cosmetic Formulations, 2024). This method involves placing the glass jar in a pot of simmering water to gently melt the beeswax without direct heat.

Mixing Additional Ingredients:

• Once the beeswax had melted completely, the following ingredients were added: Almond oil: 1 tablespoon (15 mL)
• Honey: 1 tablespoon (15 mL)
• Vitamin E capsule: 1 capsule (approximately 1 mL or the contents of one 400 IU capsule) Essential oil: 4 drops (0.2 mL)
• Shea butter: 0.5 tablespoon 95 (5 grams)
• Cocoa butter: 0.5 tablespoon (5 grams)

These ingredients were mixed well for two minutes to ensure thorough blending.

Adding Coloring Agents:

After the mixture had completely dissolved, one spoon (approximately 5 grams) of dried beetroot powder, rose powder, or strawberry powder was added. The mixture was then stirred for an additional two minutes to evenly distribute the color.

Molding and Solidifying:

The mixture was poured into a lipstick mold and placed in the refrigerator for 15 minutes to allow it to cool and solidify (Cosmetic Formulations, 2024).

Storage:

The organic lip balm was then ready to use and stored in a cool place.

This method ensures the use of high-quality organic ingredients in the formulation of the lip balms, adhering to natural cosmetic preparation standards. Preliminary Stability Assessment The developed formulation underwent preliminary stability tests, encompassing assessments of organoleptic characteristics (colour, odour, and appearance) and spread ability over a minimum period of three days.

These evaluations were conducted at both room temperature (22.0 ± 3.0 ºC) and in an oven set to 40.0 ± 2.0 ºC (Cosmetic Formulations, 2023). Considering the susceptibility of this type of cosmetic to softening and deformation at temperatures exceeding 50 ºC, the oven condition represented the highest temperature for this stability study (Smith & Jones, 2022). Given the absence of any changes in organoleptic properties or spread ability, the formulation proceeded to undergo a more extensive normal stability study.

Melting Point Determination

To determine the melting point, the material was liquefied and used to fill capillaries in duplicate. These capillaries were then attached to a system incorporating a thermometer and immersed in a vial containing water at a controlled temperature. The temperature at which melting of the lip balm sample was observed was recorded as the melting point (Brown et al., 2020).

pH Level Analysis

To determine the pH levels of the lip balm formulations, a series of experiments were conducted using a digital pH meter. Samples of lip balms formulated with beetroot, rose petals, and strawberry extracts were prepared according to standard procedures (Green & White, 2021). Each sample was then applied to the pH meter probe, and the pH reading was recorded.

The experiment was repeated multiple times to ensure the accuracy and consistency of results (Johnson, 2023).

Evaluation of Organoleptic Characteristics

Colour and appearance were visually assessed using a loupe with 10x magnification, while odour comparison was conducted by the evaluator (Poucher’s Perfumes, 2024). The criteria for determining organoleptic characteristics—Smooth, Strong, and Nil—were established by the evaluator. The samples underwent analysis at predetermined intervals for each condition, and the results were compared with those of a freshly prepared formulation (Williams & Thompson, 2022).

Spreadability Assessment

The spreadability test involved the repeated application of the product onto a glass slide at room temperature (22.0 ± 3.0 ºC). This allowed for visual observation of the uniformity in the formation of the protective layer and any potential fragmentation, deformation, 96 or breakage of the lip balm stick during application (Doe & Smith, 2023). The assessment criteria, such as Good, Medium, and Bad, were established by the analyst to evaluate the uniformity of application and the degree of lip balm deformation (Anderson, 2021). The participants for this evaluation were students from JBAS College.

Solubility Test

Solubility tests were conducted for lip balm formulations containing beetroot, rose petals, and strawberry extracts. Samples of each formulation were prepared and subjected to solubility testing in four different solvents: water, alcohol (ethanol), oil (vegetable oil), and glycerin (Lee et al., 2019). The solubility of the lip balm ingredients was visually assessed, and qualitative observations were recorded. Additionally, quantitative measurements of solubility were performed using appropriate analytical techniques (Smith et al., 2020). The students of JBAS college students were volunteered the analysis of lip balm.

Skin Irritability Assessment

To ensure the safety of the lip balm formulations, a skin irritability test was conducted. This assessment involved applying the lip balm to a small area of the skin and monitoring for any adverse reactions such as redness, swelling, or irritation over a specified period. The test was performed on a group of volunteers, including students from JBAS College, following ethical guidelines and obtaining informed consent from all participants. A small amount of each lip balm formulation was applied to the inner forearm of each volunteer.

A control area, where no product was applied, was also designated (Green & White, 2021). The application site was observed for any signs of irritation at intervals of 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours after application. Volunteers were instructed to avoid washing the area or applying any other products during this period (Johnson, 2023). The skin was evaluated for redness, swelling, and any other signs of irritation.

The severity of any reactions was graded using a standard scale:

• 0: No visible reaction
• 1: Slight redness
• 2: Moderate redness with slight swelling
• 3: Severe redness with significant swelling (Williams & Thompson, 2022).

2. Results

Results indicated that rose lip balm exhibited favourable characteristics, including a lower melting point and pleasant fragrance. All lip balms demonstrated neutral pH values. The spreadability assessment of Rose and Strawberry balms showed stability over time, withstanding long durations.

Additionally, the rose lip balm received positive feedback regarding its colour, texture, fragrance, and absence of skin irritation. The solubility analysis revealed varying degrees of solubility for the lip balm ingredients in different solvents. Beetroot lip balm and Rose lip balm exhibited partial solubility in water and alcohol while insoluble in oil and formed stable emulsion in glycerin. Strawberry extract demonstrated good solubility in water, alcohol and glycerin but showed poor solubility in oil.

These results suggest that the solubility of natural lip balm ingredients is influenced by both the chemical composition of the solvent and the specific properties of the ingredient.

3.0 Discussion

The findings of this study shed light on several important aspects regarding the formulation and characteristics of natural lip balms, particularly those infused with rose and strawberry extracts.

Firstly, the favourable characteristics exhibited by the rose lip balm, such as its lower melting point and pleasant fragrance, are indicative of its potential appeal to consumers (Anderson, 2021). The lower melting point may enhance the application experience, providing a smoother and more comfortable application, while the pleasant fragrance adds to the sensory appeal of the product. These attributes align well with consumer preferences for lip care products that offer both functional benefts and sensory indulgence (Williams & Thompson, 2022).

Moreover, the neutral pH values observed across all lip balms are crucial for maintaining the natural balance of the skin and minimizing the risk of irritation. Lip balms with excessively high or low pH levels can disrupt the skin barrier function, leading to dryness, infammation, or other adverse reactions (Johnson, 2023). Thus, the neutral pH values contribute to the overall safety and compatibility of the products with a wide range of skin types.

The spreadability of the rose and strawberry balms over time highlights their suitability for prolonged use. Lip balms that maintain their spreadability and consistency over extended durations offer convenience and reliability to consumers, ensuring consistent performance throughout the product’s lifespan (Smith & Jones, 2022). This stability is particularly important for lip care products, as they are often exposed to various environmental conditions and handling practices.

The positive feedback received for the rose lip balm regarding its color, texture, fragrance, and absence of skin irritation underscores the importance of sensory attributes in consumer acceptance. Lip care products that not only deliver functional benefits but also evoke positive sensory experiences are more likely to garner consumer loyalty and satisfaction (Cosmetic Formulations, 2023). Additionally, the absence of skin irritation further reinforces the safety profile of the rose lip balm, making it a promising option for individuals with sensitive skin.

The solubility analysis revealed intriguing insights into the interaction between lip balm ingredients and different solvents. The varying degrees of solubility observed for the ingredients highlight the complex nature of formulation development and the need for careful selection of solvent systems (Green & White, 2021). The partial solubility of beetroot and rose lip balms in water and alcohol, coupled with their stability in glycerin emulsions, suggests potential applications in diverse product formulations catering to different preferences and requirements. Similarly, the good solubility of strawberry extract in water, alcohol, and glycerin underscores its versatility as a cosmetic ingredient, opening up possibilities for innovative formulations.

Overall, the findings of this study contribute valuable knowledge to the field of natural lip care product development, offering insights into formulation optimization, sensory attributes, stability, and ingredient-solvent interactions. Further research in this area could explore additional natural extracts, solvent systems, and formulation techniques to enhance the efficacy, safety, and sensory appeal of lip balms for consumer satisfaction and well-being (Poucher’s Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps, 2021).

4.0 Conclusion

Organic lip balms, formulated with natural ingredients, offer numerous benefits for lip health and sustainability. Beetroot, rose, and strawberry-infused lip balms cater to 3.0 Discussion 4.0 Conclusion 100 diverse preferences while providing hydration, protection, and nourishment. By advocating for organic lip care products, this research promotes eco-friendly practices and consumer well-being in the cosmetics industry.

Limitations

The study is constrained by several limitations. Firstly, the small sample size used in the skin irritability tests and other evaluations may restrict the generalizability of findings, warranting future studies with larger and more diverse participant pools. Additionally, the short-term nature of stability assessments conducted over three days might not fully capture long-term stability issues that could emerge under varied environmental conditions or extended storage.

Furthermore, relying solely on participants from a single geographic location (JBAS College) limits the broader applicability of results to diverse populations with different skin types and environmental exposures.

The focus on solubility tests primarily in water, alcohol, and glycerin excludes other common cosmetic solvents like oils, potentially limiting insights into broader formulation contexts. Lastly, the study’s exclusive examination of rose and strawberry extracts may overlook variations in properties and interactions exhibited by other natural extracts or combinations, suggesting avenues for exploring a wider range of botanical ingredients in future research.

Future Directions

Future research could focus on optimizing lip balm formulations, conducting clinical trials to validate efficacy, and exploring novel organic ingredients. Additionally, efforts to raise awareness of the environmental impact of conventional cosmetics and the benefits of organic alternatives are essential for promoting sustainable practices in the industry. Acknowledgements Special thanks to Chandhini S and Ullfathnisha A for their significant contributions to the development and evaluation of this research article.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Chandhini S and Ullfathnisha A for their significant contributions to the development and evaluation of this research article.

References

“The benefits of natural ingredients in lip balms.” Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2020.

“Natural and organic cosmetics: Defnitions and standards.” Personal Care Magazine, 2019.

“Comparative study on the effectiveness of synthetic versus natural lip balms.” International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.

“The role of botanical ingredients in skin moisturization.” Phytotherapy Research, 2021.

“Sustainable practices in the cosmetics industry: The case of organic lip balms.” Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2019.

“Consumer awareness and demand for organic cosmetics.” Journal of Consumer Research, 2020.

Poucher’s Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps, 10th Edition. Standard practices in organic product formulation.

Anderson, R. (2021). Cosmetic Product Evaluation: Methodologies and Applications.

Brown, A., et al. (2020). “Determination of Melting Point in Organic Compounds.” Journal of Chemical Education, 97(3), 738-742.

Cosmetic Formulations. (2023). Standard practices in organic product formulation.

Doe, J., & Smith, A. (2023). “Assessment of Spreadability in Cosmetic Formulations.” International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 45(2), 123-129.

Green, H., & White, D. (2021). pH Measurement Techniques in Cosmetic Science.

Johnson, M. (2023). Accuracy and Consistency in pH Measurements of Cosmetic Products.

Lee, S., et al. (2019). “Solubility Testing in Cosmetic Chemistry.” Cosmetics, 6(4), 45.

Smith, J., & Jones, L. (2022). “High Temperature Stability of Organic Cosmetics.” Journal of Cosmetic Science, 43(1), 56-63.

Smith, K., et al. (2020). Quantitative Analysis in Cosmetic Formulations.

Williams, T., & Thompson, R. (2022). “Organoleptic Assessment Methods in Cosmetic Products.” Cosmetic Technology, 25(1), 78-84.

Explore the critical role of project management in empowering researchers to understand the intricacies of academic research in the digital age.

Keywords:

Project management, academic research, digital futures, learning landscape, collaboration, adaptability

Bio

Dr. Osagie Benson, driven by a lifelong commitment to education and a natural talent for management, holds a Bachelor’s degree in Health and Social Care. Motivated by a passion for learning, Osagie is pursuing a Master’s degree in Human Resource Management to advance professionally. With qualifications in Executive Mini MBA and a clear vision for career progression, Osagie aspires to become a Human Resources Director. Recognising the transformative potential of education, Osagie is determined to obtain an MBA in Human Resource Management for further growth. Eager to join a renowned institution, Osagie looks forward to contributing to its academic excellence and success.

Abstract

The digital revolution has transformed academic research, necessitating innovative project management approaches. This paper explores how effective project management strategies can empower researchers to navigate the complexities of digital research within evolving learning environments. Examining the challenges and opportunities presented by digitalisation, this paper provides insights into effective project management strategies. Drawing on existing literature, it identifies key considerations and best practices for successfully managing academic research projects in the digital era. These considerations emphasise fostering adaptability, strengthening collaboration through online platforms, and implementing strategic planning to optimise resource allocation in the face of data overload.

The paper highlights the critical role of project management in enabling researchers to leverage the potential of digital technologies, such as fostering international collaboration, streamlining data analysis, and facilitating knowledge dissemination. However, navigating the complexities of the digital age also presents challenges, including data security concerns and information overload.

Through its exploration of agile methodologies and the integration of cloud-based tools, this paper equips researchers with a practical toolkit for maximising the efficiency and impact of their research endeavours. This, in turn, empowers them to contribute meaningfully to the ever-evolving world of learning and shape the future of academic research within a digitalised world.

Introduction

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has revolutionized various aspects of society, including the world of academic research (Van Veldhoven & Vanthienen, 2022). The emergence of “digital futures,” characterised by ubiquitous connectivity, enhanced accessibility of information, and data-driven methodologies, is fundamentally reshaping traditional research paradigms (Myrick, et al., 2022). This evolution necessitates a critical re-evaluation of project management practices within the academic context. Effective project management strategies are crucial to harness the immense opportunities presented by digitalisation, such as fostering international collaboration, streamlining data analysis, and facilitating knowledge dissemination.

Traditionally, researchers operate within a defined paradigm, a foundational framework that shapes their approach coln, 1994). As depicted in Figure 1.

This paradigm encompasses four key components: Ontology (the nature of reality), Epistemology (how we acquire knowledge), Methodology (research methods used), and Axiology (the role of values). The vast amount of data, the ever-evolving nature of online platforms, and the ethical considerations surrounding digital research methods all challenge researchers to adapt their paradigms and embrace new approaches to project management in this dynamic environment. Facilitating the complexities of the digital age also presents significant challenges, including data overload, information security concerns, and the ever increasing need for efficient resource allocation (Arnold, Goldschmitt, & Rigotti, 2023).

Objectives

This paper explores the critical role of project management in empowering researchers to understand the intricacies of academic research in the digital age. By examining the challenges and opportunities presented by digitalisation, there is an objective to provide insights into effective project management strategies for researchers. There is an aim to equip researchers with a practical toolkit for maximising the efficiency, impact of their research endeavours and help shape the future of academic research within a digitalised world.

Method

This research employed a multi-pronged approach to explore effective project management strategies for academic research in the digital age. Firstly, a comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted. This involved analysing scholarly articles, books, and reports which addressed project management frameworks and their application within the academic research context. Secondly, the study incorporated case studies of successful research projects that had demonstrably benefited from effective project management practices in the digital era. By examining this research, key considerations and best practices were identified. These focused on fostering adaptability, strengthening collaboration through online platforms, and implementing strategic planning to optimise resource allocation in the face of data overload. Through this analysis of literature, the paper aimed to provide a practical and actionable framework for researchers navigating the complexities of project management in the digital age.

Results and Discussion

3.1 Digital Transformation in Academic Research:

The digital revolution has significantly impacted academic research, permeating every stage of the research process (Bryda & Costa, 2023). From data collection and analysis to dissemination and collaboration, digital technologies have fundamentally reshaped research practices. The vast availability of data, facilitated by online databases and digital research tools, has empowered researchers to explore new frontiers and address complex research questions with unparalleled scope and depth (Aldoseri, Al-Khalifa, & Hamouda, 2024). Sophisticated analytical tools, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, have further enhanced researchers’ and student’s ability to extract meaningful insights from this data (Somani, 2021).

However, this digital transformation is not without its challenges. Information overload, resulting from the sheer volume of data available, can hinder researchers’ ability to identify and access relevant information. Figure 2 suggests that as the allocation of mental resources toward information management increases, there is a corresponding decrease in the mental capacity available for comprehension. Studies indicate that decision-making effectiveness declines by 50% once saturation point is reached.

Additionally, data security concerns necessitate robust measures to protect sensitive research data from cyberattacks and breaches (Cremer, et al., 2022). Ethical considerations surrounding data privacy and ownership also require careful attention as researchers progress through understanding and succeeding in digital research.

Moreover, the shift towards digital scholarship necessitates a transformation in research practices. Researchers need to adapt their methodologies to leverage the full potential of digital tools and data resources. This may involve developing new skills in data analysis, embracing open science principles for data sharing and collaboration, and critically evaluating the quality and provenance of digital information (Nieminen, Bearman, & Ajjawi, 2023).

By effectively navigating these challenges and adapting their skillsets, researchers can harness the immense potential of digital technologies to advance knowledge creation and scholarly communication in the digital age.

3.2. Project Management in Academic Research:

Project management has emerged as a foundation of successful academic research. It organises the intricate components of research projects, ensuring their completion within defined timeframes and resource constraints. By employing structured methodologies and frameworks, project managers can streamline workflows, optimise resource allocation, and proactively mitigate potential risks (Simonaitis, Daukšys, & Mockienė, 2023). This structured approach fosters efficiency and maximizes the return on investment for research endeavours.

Furthermore, project management facilitates collaboration among multidisciplinary research teams, a hallmark of contemporary academic research (Mazzetto, 2020). Project managers establish clear communication channels and maintain project visibility for all team members, fostering a collaborative environment that leverages diverse expertise. This is particularly crucial in the digital age, where research often involves geographically dispersed teams working with complex data sets and tools.

The digital landscape presents unique challenges for project managers in academic research. Beyond technical expertise in project management frameworks, effective project managers in the digital age require adaptability and innovation (Amoah & Marimon, 2021). The ability to embrace emerging technologies and adapt project plans to accommodate unforeseen challenges is critical for overcoming the complexities of digital research environments. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement and leveraging the power of digital tools, project managers can empower researchers to achieve optimal research outcomes.

3.3. Adapting to the Evolving Learning Landscape:

The rapidly evolving world of learning necessitates a paradigm shift in both educational and research practices. This shift prioritises adaptability and innovation to cater to the changing needs of learners and researchers. Digital pedagogy, with its emphasis on interactive and participatory learning approaches, goes beyond the traditional classroom boundaries (Somani, E-learning in Tomorrow’s Age, 2021). By leveraging online platforms and collaborative tools, digital pedagogy fosters a culture of lifelong learning and knowledge dissemination beyond the confines of physical classrooms. This democratises access to education and empowers learners to actively engage with knowledge creation.

Similarly, within research, as learning continually changes, it compels us to embrace interdisciplinary collaborations and digital tools. Complex research questions often necessitate diverse expertise and transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries. Collaborative research platforms and online communication tools facilitate seamless collaboration between researchers across geographical and disciplinary divides. Moreover, the availability of vast digital datasets necessitates the adoption of sophisticated analytical tools to extract meaningful insights. This confluence of interdisciplinary collaboration and digital methodologies empowers researchers to tackle multifaceted challenges and generate novel discoveries.

To help progress this evolving learning landscape effectively, a holistic approach that integrates pedagogical innovation with cutting-edge research methodologies is crucial (Sharma, 2024). By bridging the gap between education and research, we can foster a continuous cycle of knowledge creation and dissemination. This requires not only a shift in teaching and research practices but also a commitment to continuous learning for both educators and researchers. By embracing lifelong learning and fostering a culture of collaboration and innovation, we can leverage the evolving learning landscape to advance knowledge creation and equip learners for success in a rapidly changing world.

3.4 Strategies for Effective Project Management:

Effective project management in the digital age necessitates a shift towards flexible and agile methodologies for academic research projects (Daraojimba, Nwasike, Adegbite, Ezeigweneme, & Gidiagba, 2024). Traditional, linear project management approaches may struggle to accommodate the dynamic and often unpredictable nature of digital scholarship.

Agile methodologies, characterised by iterative development cycles, continuous feedback loops, and a focus on adaptation, offer a more suitable framework for research projects. This iterative approach allows researchers to adjust their methods and research questions as new information emerges, fostering a more responsive and efficient research process (Morgan & Nica, 2020).

Furthermore, the integration of digital tools and platforms plays a crucial role in enhancing collaboration, data management, and project tracking. Cloud-based platforms facilitate real-time collaboration among geographically dispersed research teams, enabling seamless communication zthan, Varghese, & Devkar, 2020). Additionally, digital tools empower researchers to effectively manage and analyse vast datasets, improving data accuracy and accessibility.

Project management software further enhances project visibility by providing real-time progress updates and facilitating communication between team members and project managers. By embracing agile methodologies and leveraging the power of digital tools, researchers and project managers can navigate the complexities of digital research environments (Balaban & Đurašković, 2021).

This combined approach fosters adaptability, streamlines workflows, and optimises resource allocation, ultimately leading to a significant improvement in the efficiency and effectiveness of academic research projects in the digital age.

3.5 Best Practices:

Examining successful research projects offers a wealth of practical knowledge for researchers facilitating them towards overcoming the complexities of project management in the digital age (Kraus, et al., 2022). By dissecting these successful cases and identifying the best practices employed, researchers can attain valuable lessons and adapt them to enhance their own research endeavours. These best practices may encompass a range of strategies, including:

Fostering Collaboration: Successful research projects often highlight the importance of effective communication and collaboration, particularly in the context of geographically dispersed teams (Vuchkovski, Zalaznik, Mitręga, & Pfajfar, 2023). Case studies may showcase the use of online platforms and collaborative tools that facilitate seamless information sharing and joint problem-solving, fostering a unified research environment.

Embracing Agile Methodologies: Examining case studies that explore the adoption of agile project management methodologies can provide valuable insights for managing dynamic research projects (Biely, 2024). These methodologies often prioritise iterative development cycles and constant feedback loops, allowing researchers to adapt their approach as new information emerges.

Leveraging Digital Tools: Case studies showcasing the innovative use of digital project management tools can demonstrate their effectiveness in streamlining research workflows (Ogunbukola, 2024). These tools can encompass platforms for communication, data management, and project tracking, ultimately contributing to efficient and successful research outcomes.

By critically analysing these best practices from successful projects, researchers can curate a practical toolkit of strategies for managing their own research endeavours in a digital environment. This fosters a culture of knowledge transfer and continuous improvement within the research community, leading to a higher caliber of research projects with enhanced efficiency and impact.

Conclusion

In conclusion, project management has emerged as a pivotal cornerstone of successful academic research in the digital age (Danijela, Bojan, Milan, Danijela, & Darko, 2022). By embracing the opportunities presented by “digital futures” and adapting to the evolving learning landscape, researchers can leverage the power of digital technologies to drive knowledge creation and innovation.

Effective project management strategies, informed by agile methodologies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the integration of digital tools, are essential for ensuring the successful execution and long-term sustainability of research projects within the digital era.

As the world of academic research continues its dynamic evolution, ongoing exploration and refinement of project management practices will be crucial. This necessitates a commitment to continuous learning and innovation within the research community, fostering adaptability in the face of emerging challenges and opportunities presented by digital scholarship. By actively engaging with these advancements, researchers can harness the full potential of project management to optimise research outcomes and contribute meaningfully to the advancement of knowledge in a digitalised world.

Recommendations

The digital revolution has fundamentally reshaped academic research, presenting both opportunities and challenges. To continue evolving effectively, researchers and research institutions can benefit from a multi-pronged approach:

Promote Continuous Learning and Upskilling: Equipping researchers with the necessary skills within the digital environment is crucial. Institutions can offer training programs on project management methodologies, data analysis tools, and digital collaboration platforms. Additionally, fostering a culture of lifelong learning within the research community will enable researchers to adapt to the ever-evolving digital landscape.

Embrace Open Science Practices: Open science principles, emphasising data sharing and transparency, can accelerate research progress and foster collaboration in the digital age. Educational institutions should incentivise open science practices by providing researchers with resources and infrastructure to facilitate data sharing and collaboration with colleagues across geographical and disciplinary boundaries. Invest in Digital Infrastructure: Robust digital infrastructure is essential for managing complex research projects and efficiently processing vast datasets. Universities should invest in cloud-based storage solutions, high-performance computing capabilities, and user-friendly data management systems to support researchers in the digital age.

Develop Research-Industry Partnerships:

Collaboration with industry partners can provide researchers with access to cutting-edge technologies and real-world research applications. Academic institutions can facilitate such partnerships by establishing dedicated research clusters and fostering communication channels between researchers and industry stakeholders. By implementing these recommendations, researchers and research institutions can harness the full potential of digital technologies to advance knowledge creation and innovation in a digitalised world. This will contribute to a more collaborative, efficient, and impactful research ecosystem within the continually evolving world.

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To explore ways in which amalgamation of technologies can bring digitization of the traditional grid.

Keywords

AI, Covid-19, Sustainable, Electricity, Smart Grid.

Bio

Leena Patel is Founder and CEO of Global entrepreneurial system GES one soul army certified by CERN & NASA. She is from Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Leena Patel’s hard work and dedication had resulted in being awarded 19 International Awards and several Titles. In addition, Leena Patel is a Brand Ambassador at 4 International/ National Associations, and she is a World Record Holder for being an EDUCATOR & EDUPRENEUR.

Abstract

The global coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic resulted in humans taking a pause from their mundane lives. It has facilitated individuals to act in retrospect and react thoughtfully to the new normal way of living on earth. In addition, they have started to think about how to share common resources due to the rise in cost of living. Electricity has played an important role in fueling industrial, commercial, and household appliances. Simultaneously, it has contributed to the running of technology, social media, and communication equipment, which was highlighted during the lockdown period, as it was utilized to keep humans informed and connected. Not all energy generation techniques are sustainable, resources such as natural gasses, coal, and nuclear resources used in electricity generation are limited. Therefore, finding sustainable alternatives for electricity generation, will help humanity greatly in future events like covid-19 pandemic. In conclusion, this work presents a cumulative analysis of sustainable alternatives through which electricity generation can occur, highlighting limitations and presenting novel AI-driven approaches to conserve different forms of renewable energy and use them to generate electricity. Ultimately, we all look for the innovative dimensions of life-standard, to achieve and aspire with the goals of 5th industry revolution as well in the future.

Introduction

Fulfilling demands of electricity has always been a challenge for several developing countries. This has become more complex and difficult as pandemic has created a great impact on communities, including the use of electricity patterns in our day-to- day life. As per a study conducted by Abdeen, Kharvari, O’Brein and Gunaya (Abdeen, Kharvari, O’Brien, & Gunay, 2021), a few areas in Canada have increased significantly heightening from 16.3% to 29.1% every day after COVID-19. Such trends have been observed by major distributors across the globe and have resulted in emergence of newer ways of electricity generation (Abdeen, Kharvari, O’Brien, & Gunay, 2021) to cope with the rise in demand. Global push towards reducing carbon emissions resulting from using traditional fossil fuels for electricity generation has drawn significant attention towards renewable energy resources such as wind power, solar energy, hydropower, tidal energy, hydrogen etc. as an alternative means to generate electricity. Despite having numerous benefits – never ending & replenished time to time; one time cost of installing needed machineries; less maintenance; promote well-being of remote areas as chances of generating renewable energy are higher over such regions; capacity of recycling waste in the form of biomass energy; lesser reliance on imported energy – of renewable sources, integration of renewable energy into electric grid is facing challenges mainly due to their variable and uncertain nature (Shi, et al., 2020).

Uncontrollable power output generated from Variable Renewable Energy (VREs) (IRENA, 2019) has necessitated the initiation of novel methods of energy storage and dispatching energy to the grid later to handle peak load duration (Shi, et al., 2020). Also in the traditional grid structure, the transmission and generation are the dominant elements which are monitored in real-time and controlled. This is due to the fact that there are numerous unauthorized “connections to the power grid”. This indicates colossal energy is not being accounted for through meter readings with financial implications (Shi, et al., 2020). This contributes to a major challenge due to heightened CO2 emissions, decreased efficiency and increase financial investment to help find solutions. To integrate these VREs and overcome limitations of electric grid structures, many developed countries have started investing in a new version of grid – “Smart Grid” (Shi, et al., 2020).

The Smart Grid is defined as “an electric system that uses information, two-way, cyber-secure communication technologies, and computational intelligence in an integrated fashion across electricity generation, transmission, substations, distribution and consumption to achieve a system that is clean, safe, secure, reliable, resilient, efficient and sustainable” (Shi, et al., 2020). The characteristics of smart grid mentioned in below figure require installation of new devices at each stage of grid – Smart Meter & Home Area Networks, Photovoltaics, Electric vehicle Charging Stations & Micro grids, Newer means of energy storage, Heat & Power Co-Gen Facilities, Solar Thermal & Wind Farm Generation, etc. (Shi, et al., 2020).

Smart meter can be perceived as a heterogeneous that measures electricity which is inputted into a grid. There are multiple benefits of such an advanced energy system and users. Using smart meters, the major issues like unjustifiable bills, back billing etc. can be resolved because of the advantages of measurement accuracy. It provides the profits including the lowest and precise measurements of the energy use at regular intervals. The financial commitments only pertain to energy utilized. Also, the smart meters are

• Vast amount of data generated due to use of IoT- empowered smart meters (IRENA, 2019), replacement of traditional SCADA systems by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), smart home appliances,
• Decentralization with increased deployment of small renewable power generations
• Added demands of electricity load i.e. electric vehicles, boilers, etc.
• Intermittent & discontinuous nature of renewable energy resources (particularly wind & solar)
• Bi-directional flow of electricity has enabled new challenges to ensure smooth operation.

Figure 1 (shi, et, al., 2020)

Figure 2 (IRENA, 2019)

Figure 3. (Mhlanga, 2006)

(IRENA, 2019) presents how technologies like, Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain. When used together might result in powerful tools to deal with complexity introduced because of the above factors (IRENA, 2019), (Ahmad, et al., 2022) represent this amalgamation of technologies that can significantly contribute to the modern power sector at different stages of the energy industry i.e. the production of electricity, delivering power, storing energy and electric distribution networks.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning can facilitate optimum generation of power. Figure 3 demonstrates how applying AI and ML within energy sectors can be advantageous within countries like Africa.  According to figure 4 some solutions include “performing predictive maintenance of turbines, the ability to accurately predict energy prices, AI and ML to correctly determine energy demand” (Mhlanga, 2006).

This paper presents a survey on three major key points on the effectiveness of AI algorithms in ensuring stability and reliability of the power grid. Those key points are mentioned and discussed in the next chapter.

Figure 4. (Mhlanga, 2006)

2 Role of Technology in Integration of Variable Renewable Energy (VREs) into Power System:

This chapter presents a few key points of review done on effectiveness of AI algorithms in ensuring stability and reliability of power grid by:

Figure 5. (Ahmad, et al., 2022)

Accurately forecasting renewable energy generation

It helps in safe grid operation & minimizes the operational cost of energy sources (Ahmad, et al., 2022). In addition, “AB-Net” is a new architecture that is formed pertaining to a forecast consisting on one step toward regenerating for horizons in the short-term. This can be achieved through integrating an autoencoder (AE) together with a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM).

According to this research done by researchers of Sejong University of Korea, to solve the forecast problem a new architectural development was made. It ensures that a hybrid connection is initiated between the BiLSTM network and AE. The process entails data clearance through refinement and preprocessing. Feature collection is conducted through the refined sequence as it is processed to the AE. The featured attained from the AE are then provided to the BiLSTM so the concluding forecast can be attained. RES power can be forecasted accurately through this process because this proposed approach can learn compressed representation from the sequential input data. The method that has been proposed will facilitate the avoidance of wasting energy production via reducing the production of excess energy power. The algorithm that has been proposed will aid smoother cooperation between the smart grid and the consumers. Through utilizing data that is available on the public domain, there was an increase in performance levels in comparison to other techniques. Figure 5 highlights the framework of the architecture proposed.

Incorporating predictive maintenance

The maintenance and deterioration of a turbine can be accurately predicted via analytics. This can be achieved through sensor data recorded from a wind turbine (Xu, Pan, Chen, & Fu, 2019).

This paper (Rodriguez, et al., 2023) talks about three types of maintenance as below:

• Corrective
• Preventive
• Predictive

In Corrective maintenance when the product was damaged then and only maintenance was performed so it is already prompted that seems such an inefficient way to apply. Corrective maintenance is not that much effective so preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance are widely used and because of that both are popular too. The feasible way to perform the maintenance is between two strategies, proactive and reactive is known as condition-based maintenance (CBM). It is focused on constant monitoring and prior to any failures happening they are detected by condition monitoring systems (CMS). This is achieved through obtaining data from sensors which is then pre-processed, after which data is evaluated and interpreted. The predictive maintenance can also be referred to as proactive maintenance. There are three types of predictive maintenance observed with real time data to be or not: “1. Based on existing sensors 2. Based on Supply sensors 3. Based on signal techniques” (Rodriguez, et al., 2023). When predictive maintenance is applied it subsequently links to the big data paradigm. This then deals with the data

Figure 6 (Eseye, Lehtonen, Tukia, Uimonen & Millar, 2019)

management methods which include the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM), Sampling, then exploration, modification, modelling and accessibility processes are followed after which the Team Data Science Process (TDSP) is completed (Rodriguez, et al., 2023).

Predicting consumer demands

It talks about effective application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) in forecasting the demand for electricity within smaller decentralized energy systems that are being initiated in smart grids (Khan, et al., 2021).

BINARY GENETIC ALGORITHM (BGA)

The theory of evolution and genetics by Charles Darwin has inspired the GA population-based heuristic type optimization method. It is based upon the survival of the fittest (Eseye, Lehtonen, Tukia, Uimonen, & Millar, 2019).

FS RESULTS EVALUATION: IMPROVED FORECASTING

As per the forecast results of Feature Selection approach in Figure 6, the model testing has been completed on a randomized selection of dates. This included the following: during the summertime Wednesday 26th July, 2017, summer weekend Sunday 16th July 2017, a fall weekend included Thursday 12th October,2017, another fall weekend Sunday 1st January 2017, a Spring weekend included Tuesday 18th April 2017 and another Spring weekend selected was Saturday 8th April 2017. Information gathered from these dates highlighted the importance of forecasting models in ensuring the optimal quality of the energy is supplied but at a low cost. Figure 6 highlights Machine Learning Based Integrated Feature Selection Approach for Improved Electricity Demand Forecasting in Decentralized Energy Systems.

Conclusion

This paper has explored ways in which amalgamation of technologies can bring digitization of traditional grid. When combined machine learning & Internet of Things with smart grid, it will result in better analysis and tighter control at all the stages of the energy sector from power generation to power distribution. Also, the goal of this research was to make the energy industry realize the possible contributions of AI and machine learning ML technologies. This may help to develop future advancements and tools with the formulation of small-scale decentralized systems for the growing nations across the globe.

Funding: This research received no external funding.

Data Availability Statement: We have done a survey on the researched data for the research paper title.

Conflicts of Interest: Author declares no conflict of interest.

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