The study aims to educate and raise awareness about the prevalence of various addictions in Japan, drug abuse, evolution and trends. In addition, there is an aim to understand the cultural and social stigma around addiction, designer drugs and their emergence, in addition to the impact on Japan’s youth.

Keywords

Addiction, Substance abuse, Mental health, Japan, Intervention.

Bio

As the Founder of the Grace Center for Healing, Dr. Angelica Wagner has been a pioneer and global leader in creating profound life transformations of traumatic brain injury patients since 2009, when she almost lost her own vision due to a traumatic brain injury. Dr. Wagner incorporates cutting edge non drug brain techniques utilizing hertz frequencies of light, sound, orthomolecular nutrition, and essential oils to regenerate the brain. She holds a Diplomate Award in Addictionology, as a Doctor of Integrative Medicine, Bodytalk Pa Rama Practitioner, Eastern Medicine Practitioner and Access Consciousness Facilitator. Dr. Wagner has been awarded the top global neuroscientist in the world and is a top 100 Global Doctor. Angelica is the author of five books, including the best selling series “ Are You Ready for a Miracle ?” () and “Secrets of the Millionaire Mind” (). Dr. Wagner has transformed lives in environments of schools, with veterans, with athletes, with the handicapped, in corporations, and in populations of incarcerated institutions. She has dedicated her life to healing, teaching and speaking on international stages to inspire, empower and educate for the highest potential of a society struggling with the invisible wounds of mental health.

Abstract

This study examines trends in addiction, focusing on the escalating rates of substance abuse and behavioural addictions, particularly in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-pandemic data highlights a concerning prevalence of antidepressant usage among the world’s children. Post-pandemic projections suggest a significant rise in mental health issues and addiction- related challenges, especially among children. In a specific case study of Japan, the research sheds light on the pervasive addiction issues present, including drug, alcohol, and technology addictions. The study delves into the changing landscape of drug abuse, with a shift from traditional substances to unregulated designer drugs like “dappou herb” and the concerning rise in technology addictions among the youth. The research underscores the need for effective intervention and treatment strategies to address these evolving addiction patterns.

The study aims to educate and raise awareness about the prevalence of various addictions in Japan, drug abuse, evolution and trends. In addition, there is an aim to understand the cultural and social stigma around addiction, designer drugs and their emergence, in addition to the impact on Japan’s youth. In conclusion, the study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive public health initiatives and clinical trials to address addiction’s multifaceted challenges, offering potential solutions to alleviate the burden of addiction in societies worldwide, particularly in countries like Japan facing unique cultural and societal pressures.

Introduction

The Covid-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark on the global populace, impacting not just physical health but also mental well-being. As the world grapples with the immediate and direct consequences of the virus, another crisis looms on the horizon: a surge in mental health issues post-pandemic. The multifaceted repercussions of the pandemic are expected to have lasting effects on mental health, necessitating an urgent and proactive response from healthcare systems and society at large.

The prolonged period of uncertainty and fear during the pandemic has heightened stress and anxiety levels for millions of individuals (Pfefferbaum & North, 2020). Factors such as the loss of loved ones, economic strain, social isolation due to lockdowns, and the constant barrage of pandemic-related information have significantly impacted mental health. Even those without pre-existing mental health conditions have reported feelings of depression, anxiety, and stress (Pierce et al., 2020).

The aftermath of the pandemic is anticipated to bring a surge in mental health issues, including but not limited to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety disorders, and complicated grief (Holmes et al., 2020). This is influenced by several factors, including the lingering effects of the trauma experienced during the pandemic, the loss of livelihoods, financial instability, and the grieving process due to loss of family and friends.

The mental health impact of the pandemic is not limited to adults; children and adolescents are also susceptible. Disruption in education, social isolation, and the overall upheaval in daily routines have taken a toll on their mental well- being (Fegert et al., 2020). The repercussions on this demographic can be long-term, affecting their development, academic performance, and social integration.

Addiction Trends in Japan

Japan, a country renowned for its technological advancements and cultural heritage, is not immune to the global challenge of addiction. Over the years, addiction trends in Japan have evolved, presenting unique societal and public health concerns. Understanding these trends is crucial to implement targeted interventions and policies to address the issue effectively.

One significant addiction concern in Japan is related to substances. Historically, Japan has grappled with drug abuse, with methamphetamine being a prominent issue (Yoshida et al., 2009). The country experienced three waves of methamphetamine abuse, leaving a trail of destruction. In recent times, emerging trends include the use of “dappou herb,” a dangerous concoction of herbs mixed with synthetic cannabinoids, often considered a new recreational drug (Suzuki et al., 2019). This unregulated substance poses significant health risks, especially among the youth.

Technology addiction, particularly gaming and internet addiction, is another escalating problem in Japan. The country, known for its technological advancements, faces a paradox wherein its population is increasingly becoming addicted to the very technology it has pioneered (Tateno et al., 2019). The pervasive nature of technology and its easy accessibility have contributed to this rising addiction, especially among the younger demographic. Figure 1 highlights the percentage of people struggling to take a break from technology.

Fig 1. (Susic, 2023)

Furthermore,  alcohol  remains a concerning addiction in Japan. The cultural acceptance of alcohol consumption, especially in work- related settings, has led to prevalent binge drinking and subsequent addiction (Yoshimoto et al., 2018). The stress-inducing work culture prevalent in Japan may contribute to the high rates of alcohol abuse observed.

A unique aspect of addiction in Japan is the strong stigma associated with it. Cultural norms often discourage individuals from acknowledging addiction due to the fear of shame and social ostracization (Saito et al., 2018). This stigma poses a barrier to seeking help and appropriate treatment, perpetuating the cycle of addiction.

Historical Context of Addiction in Japan

The issue of addiction is not a modern phenomenon in Japan; it has deep historical roots that have evolved over time, shaping the cultural, social, and medical understanding of addiction within the country. Understanding this historical context is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat addiction in Japan.

Historically, Japan had limited exposure to addictive substances. The Edo period (1603-1868) saw the prohibition of certain substances, such as tobacco and opium, although their use was not entirely eradicated (Berridge, 1999). It wasn’t until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with increased contact with the West, that the use of addictive substances like opium and cocaine gained popularity (Berridge, 1999). This marked the beginning of a shift in attitudes towards addiction.

Post-World War II, Japan faced significant challenges, including the devastation of war and its aftermath. During the reconstruction period, the availability and misuse of methamphetamine, known as “shabu,” surged dramatically (Makimoto & Iwane, 1998). This marked the onset of Japan’s struggle with substance abuse, a struggle that has persisted and evolved over the years.

In the late 20th century and early 21st century, Japan witnessed a rise in behavioral addictions, notably internet and gaming addiction (Tateno et al., 2019). The advancement of technology, particularly in gaming and internet access, has contributed to the prevalence of these addictions, especially among the youth.

Throughout this historical timeline, Japan has grappled with addressing addiction from both a legal and societal perspective. Laws and regulations have been established to control the use and distribution of addictive substances, yet societal attitudes, cultural norms, and stigma have presented significant barriers to acknowledging and addressing addiction openly (Tateno et al., 2019).

Aims of the Study

The study aims to educate and raise awareness about the prevalence of various addictions in Japan, drug abuse, evolution and trends. In addition, there is an aim to understand the cultural and social stigma around addiction, designer drugs and their emergence.

Methods and Materials

This study employs a comprehensive approach to investigate the complex landscape of addiction in Japan, drawing upon insights gathered from a thorough literature review of existing research. The methodological foundation of this study relies on a review of published studies, articles, government reports, and academic papers pertaining to addiction in Japan. The utilisation of the literature review method allows for the integration of current research findings into a cohesive narrative that contributes to the comprehensive understanding of addiction in Japan. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the identification of gaps in existing literature, paving the way for future research directions and targeted interventions in addressing addiction within the Japanese population.

Results and Discussion

Prevalence of Various Ad- dictions in Japan

Japan, a country known for its rich culture and technological advancements, is not immune to the global issue of addiction. Various forms of addiction present significant challenges to the society and public health of Japan. Understanding the prevalence of these addictions is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat their impact.

One prevalent form of addiction in Japan is alcoholism. The cultural acceptance of alcohol consumption and its integral role in social and business settings contribute to its widespread use. Drinking parties, known as “nomikai,” are common in the workplace, and excessive alcohol consumption is often seen as a way to cope with stress and to build social bonds. Consequently, alcohol addiction is a major concern in Japan, affecting both the individual and society at large (Yoshimoto et al., 2018).

Another growing concern is internet and gaming addiction. Japan, being a hub of technological innovation, has a population deeply engaged with the internet and video games. The immersive gaming culture, combined with the prevalence of smartphones and easy access to the internet, has led to a significant rise in internet addiction, particularly among the youth (Tateno et al., 2019). The compulsive use of the internet and excessive gaming can have detrimental effects on mental health and overall well-being.

Furthermore, Japan faces challenges related to substance abuse. Although drug abuse rates are relatively low compared to some other countries, methamphetamine, also known as “shabu,” has been a persistent issue. Synthetic cannabinoids, often referred to as “dappou herb,” have also gained popularity, presenting a concerning trend due to their potential health.

Tobacco addiction remains another significant public health concern. Despite efforts to curb smoking through anti-smoking campaigns and regulations, tobacco addiction continues to be a prevalent issue, with a notable portion of the population addicted to nicotine.

Drug Abuse in Japan

Drug abuse in Japan has emerged as a significant concern, posing challenges to public health, social stability, and law enforcement efforts. Despite Japan’s relatively low rates of drug abuse compared to other nations, it is not immune to this global issue. Understanding the patterns, factors, and consequences of drug abuse in Japan is essential to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention. Historically, Japan faced waves of drug abuse epidemics. After World War II, methamphetamine abuse surged, followed by a period of solvent abuse, leading to brain damage in many cases (Makimoto & Iwane, 1998). Over the years, drug abuse patterns have shifted, witnessing an increase in the consumption of designer drugs like “spice” and the emergence of the “dappou herb” (Suzuki et al., 2019). The dappou herb, a blend of herbs with synthetic cannabinoids, has gained popularity among Japanese youth, highlighting the adaptability and evolving nature of drug abuse in the country.

One of the major challenges in combating drug abuse in Japan is the deeply ingrained cultural stigma associated with addiction. Admitting to drug use carries significant shame and social repercussions, which often discourages individuals from seeking help (Suzuki et al., 2019). This stigma is deeply rooted in historical and societal norms, making it imperative to address not only the addiction itself but also the cultural attitudes surrounding it.

Japan has implemented strict laws and regulations to curb drug abuse. The country prohibits the use and possession of stimulant drugs, cannabis, and other controlled substances (Suzuki et al., 2019). However, these legal measures alone are not sufficient to address the complex issue of drug abuse. For example it is estimated that cannabis will reach sales as high as JPY103 billion by 2027 as stated in figure 2.

Evolution of Drug Abuse Trends

The landscape of drug abuse has continually evolved, influenced by various factors such as societal changes, advances in technology, economic shifts, and the emergence of new substances. Understanding the evolution of drug abuse trends is crucial for developing effective strategies to address this persistent global issue. In the mid-20th century, drug abuse primarily revolved around traditional substances like alcohol, tobacco, and certain prescription drugs. However, the counterculture movements of the 1960s and 1970s brought about a significant shift, popularising hallucinogens, marijuana, and later, cocaine and heroin (Hart & Ksir, 2015). This era marked a turning point in drug use patterns, highlighting the impact of social movements and cultural shifts on drug preferences.

The late 20th century witnessed the advent of crack cocaine and a surge in its abuse, particularly within impoverished urban areas. The 1980s and 1990s also saw a rapid rise in the abuse of prescription opioids, primarily due to pharmaceutical companies’ aggressive marketing and misinformation regarding their addictive potential (Cicero et al., 2014). The opioid crisis that ensued revealed the detrimental consequences of overprescribing and the subsequent illicit production and distribution of these drugs.

In recent years, a concerning trend has been the rise of synthetic and designer drugs. These substances, designed to mimic the effects of traditional drugs, pose unique challenges to law enforcement and health authorities due to their constantly changing compositions (Vardakou et al., 2010). Additionally, the emergence of e-cigarettes and vaping has given rise to concerns about youth using nicotine and other substances through these devices (Chadi et al., 2019).

The internet and advancements in technology have significantly impacted drug abuse trends. Online platforms provide easy access to information, enabling individuals to learn about, purchase, and misuse various substances. The dark web and cryptocurrencies further facilitate illegal drug transactions, making it challenging for law enforcement to track and regulate drug distribution (Barratt et al., 2016).

Drug abuse trends have evolved over the decades, shaped by changes in societal attitudes, cultural movements, advancements in technology, and the availability of new substances. Adapting prevention and intervention strategies to stay ahead of these evolving trends is crucial to effectively address drug abuse in contemporary society.

Cultural and Social Stig- ma around Addiction

Addiction is a complex and pervasive issue that affects individuals, families, and communities globally. One significant barrier to effectively addressing addiction is the cultural and social stigma associated with it. Stigma, deeply ingrained in societies, adds an extra layer of challenge for individuals seeking help and support.

In many cultures, addiction is often viewed through a moral lens rather than a medical one. The perception that addiction is a result of personal weakness or a lack of willpower perpetuates stigma (Corrigan, 2004). This misconception exacerbates the shame and guilt felt by individuals struggling with addiction and hinders their willingness to seek help. In cultures where family honour and reputation hold great importance, the stigma of addiction can be particularly intense. Socially, individuals with addiction often face discrimination and marginalisation. They may encounter challenges in finding employment, maintaining relationships, or accessing healthcare services (Livingston & Boyd, 2010). This marginalization further isolates them, making it even more challenging to break free from the cycle of addiction.

The media also plays a significant role in perpetuating stereotypes and stigmatising those with addiction. Portrayals of individuals with substance use disorders often emphasise their struggles rather than highlighting the potential for recovery and resilience. These negative portrayals contribute to societal misconceptions and deepen the stigma associated with addiction (Barry et al., 2014).

Designer Drugs and their Emergence

Designer drugs, also known as synthetic drugs or novel psychoactive substances (NPS), represent a continually evolving class of substances created to mimic the effects of controlled drugs (EMCDDA, 2019). These compounds are designed by modifying the chemical structure of existing drugs or creating entirely new substances to achieve similar psychoactive effects. The emergence of designer drugs is a result of the interplay between advances in chemistry, attempts to circumvent legal restrictions, and changing consumer preferences.

The origins of designer drugs can be traced back to the mid-20th century, with the development of compounds initially intended for medicinal purposes. However, as regulations around controlled substances tightened, clandestine chemists began modifying these compounds to produce analogues that were not yet classified as illegal (EMCDDA, 2019). The rise of the internet further facilitated the dissemination of recipes and methodologies for producing these substances, contributing to their proliferation.

The appeal of designer drugs lies in their ability to evade legal scrutiny temporarily. By altering the molecular structure, manufacturers create substances that may not be explicitly classified as controlled substances, allowing for their sale and distribution until legislation catches up. The unregulated nature of designer drugs poses significant risks to users, as their potency, purity, and potential side effects remain unknown and can lead to adverse health outcomes (EMCDDA, 2019).

Addressing the challenges posed by designer drugs necessitates a comprehensive approach involving international cooperation, stringent legislation, public education, and proactive detection methods. Law enforcement and healthcare professionals need to stay updated on emerging substances and their effects to effectively respond to this constantly evolving issue.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the landscape of addiction in Japan is profoundly influenced by socio-cultural factors. The stringent cultural expectations and societal pressures, deeply ingrained in the fabric of Japanese society, significantly contribute to the prevalence of addiction (Smith, 2017). The emphasis on perfection, academic excellence, and conforming to societal norms places immense stress on individuals, often pushing them towards various forms of escapism, including substance abuse and excessive gaming (Tanaka, 2019). The stigma associated with addiction further exacerbates the issue, hindering individuals from seeking help openly (Yamamoto et al., 2020). To comprehensively address addiction in Japan, it is imperative to recognise and understand the intricate interplay of cultural expectations and societal dynamics in fuelling addiction.

Addressing Addiction through Comprehensive Interventions

Addressing addiction in Japan necessitates a multifaceted approach that encompasses not only the treatment of addictive behaviours but also the prevention and education surrounding the issue. Comprehensive interventions should focus on providing accessible and stigma-free mental health services (Kawakami et al., 2018), promoting awareness campaigns to educate the public about the risks of addiction (Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, 2021), and integrating addiction education into school curricula (Sakurai et al., 2019). Additionally, tailored interventions that account for the unique socio- cultural landscape of Japan are vital.

Urgent Need for Public Awareness and Clinical Trials

There is an urgent need to enhance public awareness of addiction and its implications in Japan. Public health campaigns should aim to dispel myths and reduce the stigma associated with addiction, encouraging open dialogue and seeking help (National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2020). Furthermore, conducting extensive clinical trials focusing on addiction in Japan is crucial. These trials can help understand the efficacy of different treatments and interventions within the Japanese context (Ogai et al., 2017). By fostering collaboration between researchers, healthcare professionals, and the community, Japan can pave the way for evidence- based interventions that effectively prevent, treat, and manage addiction.

In summary, the battle against addiction in Japan requires a holistic approach that takes into account the intricate socio-cultural factors, implements comprehensive interventions, and emphasises the importance of public awareness and clinical trials. By addressing addiction in this multifaceted manner, Japan can aspire to create a society where individuals are empowered to overcome addiction and lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.

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To respond to contemporary challenges that stem from technological advances and have significant psychological consequences by ad- dressing them from the developmental and cross-cultural perspective.

Keywords

Digital, Technology, Psychology, Brain, Mental Health.

Bio

Prof. Dr. Parin Somani

Prof. Dr. Parin Somani, Director of LOSD, is a distinguished Academic Scholar, TEDx Speaker, and Author, honoured the title of Mrs Universe 2022 and crowned by Bollywood Actress Mahek Chahal. With 2 Academic and 6 Honorary Doctorates, she’s a multi- award-winner and humanitarian. She is a prolific author of 19 books, and a record-breaker recognised in Guinness World Records and multiple prestigious record books. She was invited to deliver a Keynote Speech at Harvard University, Cambridge University and many more. In her global travels to 127 countries, Prof. Dr. Parin Somani tirelessly contributes to education, women empowerment, and youth development.

Roxanne Boodhoo

Roxanne Boodhoo is an accomplished professional with a diverse and versatile background. Her extensive academic training has equipped her with a wide range of skills and knowledge, enabling her to excel in various roles. Roxanne is known for her strong work ethic, diligence, and commitment to undertaking any responsibilities assigned to her. She is deeply passionate about helping and supporting others, making her a compassionate and empathetic individual. Throughout her career, Roxanne has consistently demonstrated a dedication to making a positive impact, whether through her professional work or community involvement, striving to uplift those around her.

Abstract

The study of the impact of digital technology on psychological processes has been discussed by various scientific disciplines, including neuroscience, cognitive psychology, sociology, and psychiatry. Technological advancements are increasing at a pace unimagined. The consequent changes in lifestyles are inevitable. These underlying changes in day-to-day routine have been going on over the past 20–30 years or so, but they did not become as apparent as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Today a large portion of our everyday lives, work, play and social activities are channelled for virtual strata of different experiences. Overall digital life is becoming a dominant part of our personalities and ways of living.

The overall aim of this study is to bring together some of the latest research that examines the impact of technology on the human brain and the cognitive processes directly linked to the human brain. Via pro- viding up-to-date research approaches, it allows us to better understand how technology can impact our mental states and what we can do to keep our mental health in the digital era.

In just one generation, digital technology has transformed human life. People are now connected not only to each other but also to a digitized world. As a result, by becoming a part of the digital age, our brains are used as rarely before, and researchers have begun to investigate how our brains and cognitive functions are changing as we become ever more immersed in the digital age.

Introduction

In current times, technological advancements are increasing at a pace unimagined (Jusup et al.,2021). The consequent changes in lifestyles are inevitable. These underlying changes in day-to-day routine have been going on over the past 20–30 years or so, but they did not become as apparent as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Today a large portion of our everyday lives, work, play and social activities are channeled for virtual strata of different experiences. Overall digital life is becoming a dominant part of our personalities and ways of living. The article discusses the psychological implications of these shifts. The impacts of absorption of new communication technologies, such as the internet and mobile phones, and online interactions, such as cyberbullying, sexting, and digital addictions, on psychological processes and well-being will be presented.

During the COVID-19 pan- demic, the introduced long-term isolation, and hybrid systems of education and workplace operations produced new ways of operating, struggling, and creating requirements. What appeared to be temporary solutions for many, quickly started to flip the way normality and virtual reality began to oscillate between each other. The isolation and loneliness imposed by long-lasting quarantine and restrictions showed the importance of understanding not only the effects, but also devel- oping earlier on adequate supporting strategies for individuals and families (Horan, 2023).

(Mohammed, 2023) Parallelly to the scientific developments and the acceptance of e-learning and telemedicine, the question of distancing and isolation, as well as issues of support and coping strategies moved into the focal point of global society together with its virtual environments. In this regard, universities and academic institutions should have had a substantial role in the production of new fields of research and strategies, and in the reconstruction of the curriculum in a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary way. Such responsible institutional use and re-direction of knowledge should have been capable of preparing students for the challenges waiting for them in the future and introduced ways of eating healthy, living in a responsible way, coping with stress, and organising their everyday lives and work more consciously. For this, it was necessary to have educational programs and to support research projects that focus both on technology and on the required protective behaviours in health and safety.

Aim

In a dynamic, high-speed, competitive lifestyle, technology plays an important role in the operations of society, economics, and cultures. At the same time, buildings, transportation systems, cities, factories, and homes have become smart and technologically embedded. Along with all this technological advancement, there is a disconnection from social lives and family domains due to such factors as social media, technological tools, the saturation of internet use, and other screen-based virtual representations of realities.

Nowadays, we have initials like ‘digital natives’ and ‘digital immigrants’ due to their approaches towards technological factors (Timea Fülöp et al., 2022). Technology is thus considered a double-edged sword that cuts unconstructively both in personal and private lives, as well as in societal disciplines. Germany, whose Ministry of Innovation descriptively and markedly referred to “the age of a digital society”, in 2018 published a report and risk analysis while pointing out that in today’s “technology-saturated society” factors such as “stress, anxiety, sense of lost, risk of addiction, (emotional and psychological) distancing, and intergenerational separation” have become present risk factors.

The aim of this study is to respond to contemporary challenges that stem from technological advances and have significant psychological consequences by addressing them from the developmental and cross-cultural perspective. It draws attention to technological issues, such as internet addiction, cyber- bullying, and the use of new technologies in health, a s well as problems connected with an illness as a new way of experiencing matter and a unit of the family system. (Caponnetto & Milazzo, 2019) Alongside the potential threats associated with the use of new technologies, it shows the developmental and cross-cultural perspectives that change the perception of the world and ourselves. E-health is much more than a new way of treating. It is also a completely new model of subject–environment relationships, giving everyone a sense of agency in their health preservation and provides new means of empowerment.

2.0 Methodology

A mixed-method study was employed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of using online and mobile technology to deliver expanded treatments for mental health compared to standard treatments, frequent barriers to use, facilitators, and barriers to use (Mohammed, 2023). The primary aims explored young males attitudes towards seeking professional mental health services, and towards using online and mobile technology to address mental health issues. In addition, extensive literature searches have been carried out to examine literature within books, journals and credible literature sources. The outcomes of this study will inform future interventions, novel strategies for increasing treatment use among this group, and service provision for young men with mental health problems.

3.0 Results

Cyber Health Psychology: A technological progress has profoundly influenced the rapidity of change and revolutionised communication and relationships (Caponnetto & Milazzo, 2019). The impact of the digital age has impacted on every sector, including the health and wellness sector. This process has also had a major influence on mental health and well-being. It is there- fore extremely difficult to study the psychological processes of individuals within this cyber-social or cyber-physical space, as the origin of these comes from the impact of technology. Figure 1 illustrates the number of studies categorised by mental health issues and technology interventions. The findings indicate that apps are the most prevalent form of digital technology, particularly for addressing depression and anxiety. Telemedicine services also rank highly in terms of utilisation. In contrast, there are comparatively fewer instances of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), chatbots, and serious games. The following sections delve into the specifics of digital technology applications and their unique affordances, tailored to distinct mental health issues.

Fig. 1 (Chen, T,. et al, 2024)

Cyberpsychology

therefore, becomes an essential form of study for understanding these phenomena and the psychological adaptations occurring with digital communication, emphasising also health and illness repercussions. The ability to adapt to changes in the context of the phenomenon is crucial in the definition of polymedia literacy.

Book Review: The mental health and well-being approaches are a new form of awareness that guides public policies and requiring many professional and personal skills in the management of intrapsychic criticalities (Zsila, 2016). This study explores the modernity of digital health and psychotherapy that enable people and professionals to better manage the meaning of these processes. Given the future scene, the volume is capable of providing new support to address a multi-method study on the efficacy and convenience of psycho- logical approaches in the digital era. Modern and quantitative results on the fusion of clinical and digital interventions are import- ant for new philosophy.

Behavioural interventions: are crucial for a range of mental health problems and CFHI can play a major role in this area of research interest as its clients have a high prevalence of co-occurring substance use disorder, which can be difficult to treat using traditional face-to-face mental health interventions. Other metanalysis also demonstrated similar outcome effect. However, previous results from the meta-ethnography highlighted how potentially negative, as well as potential positive outcomes, can result from technology use in relation to mental health. This focus of these meta-ethnography on users of technology (carers and healthcare professionals) suffered from the drawback of excluding the views of the technology users themselves, recognising the importance of digital technology in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Digital technology and well-being: are interconnected, influencing each other (Ros Bangun et al., 2021). Digital technology has had a significant and direct impact on people’s sense of well-being as it influences people’s activities, either personally or professionally, during the contemporary era (Kroenke, 2002). With inter- net penetration, use of digital technology prevalence has increased around the world and thus society spending more time in the digital environment.

There has been an increased interest in as well as professional focus on the relationship between people, technology, and their well-being. Today’s digital world has broadened the statistics with prolific professionals interested in computers, smartphones, and especially the internet in business and education. Like other professionals, lecturers have studied the impact of technology on their careers and the significance of these technologies. S. Ticha examined 194 lecturers in universities and universities of advanced technology in Poland to find that digital technology is of utmost significance to academia.

Digital communication, digital technology and its services: have witnessed significant improvements under the COVID-19 pan- demic. Lockdown situation, and a lack of connectively on the ground have helped promote digital platforms and services. Therefore, institutes have no option but to replace conventional way with digital technology to distribute knowledge and to be in touch with the instructed.

Digital service usage has proven to be dynamic. There are pre-requisites to fulfill and challenges for computer users because of a domination of digital technology. For instance, the knowledge of the hardware, software, net- work and programming languages is necessary for the job market. Therefore, they have made a special place of professions that deal with information technologies in themselves practicalities.

Technology has the potential of altering psychological processes of individuals. Affective and cognitive susceptibility is common among the young population under the exposure of technological means. If not managed well, the free access of technology can distract its users’ attention and hinder with cognitive processes (Pitt et al., 2021).

This research supports earlier findings, which have confirmed the importance of cognitive aspects with the direct or indirect influence of attitude and a short form of emotional intelligence. Digital naïve individuals were directly linked with information literacy, digital communication and digital technology service usage. It has been postulated that while technology gives an opportune moment to individuals to convincingly present their insights, it also offers a behavioural platform to sarcastic behaviour.

Empathy has depth and an astonishing influence on understanding employer behaviour. It has an impact on self-identification with one’s own behaviour and motivation among the professional in their work environment (Ros Bangun et al., 2021).

Discussion

Emotional continually coping behaviours are a fixed link which can be directly interpreted as individual’s somatic reactions or ideosomatic behaviour.

Results show that the adoption of digital technology has become the main source of increased screen time. Excessive screen time has been frequently associated with negative emotional state: anxiety and depression.

Those impacts on individuals readiness and willingness to adopt digitised technology as a side present a dangerous trend of mental health recommendation. Immunity seems to decrease, while at the same time the trust in science and technology seems to degrade. The back reaction is individual avert and emotional resistance, when affective well-being is affected, and adjusting to the situation is hindered, by affecting cognitive and emotional factors, screen time solidifies into negative mental health effects (Ienca & Malgieri, 2022).

The discussion will overview and summarise the implications of psychological research for several central themes, key questions, and potential future opportunities. Several issues associated with mind digitalisation are addressed in the current review. We consider first the toll that increased screen time takes regarding children and adolescents and consider how it impacts attention, mental health, and academic performance (Cardoso-Leite et al., 2021). Among children between the ages of 3 and 5, screen time of two hours daily significantly predicts externalising problems by first grade. Similar associations are found in adolescents, where television viewing and video gaming is related to behavioral and emotional problems. A meta-analysis also shows the detrimental effects of problematic screen time on academic achievement.

Conclusion

Digital technology has invaded social, professional, and family life (Butler, 2024). This has contributed to an acceleration of learning processes by increasing the possibilities of access to the most varied contents and knowledge. A variable that significantly recurs in virtual reality, and devices offers a glimpse of the great potential which, in the future they could reach in this sense especially if we think of the forth- coming times when 5G connections will spread. It would be right, to this aim, to affront the problems, perhaps still very remote, raised by the constitution of what will be called a sort of “Digital Afterlife” , which concerns the problem of the dissipative nature of the computation that could not be neglected if a not directly connected process neither to a specific physical support nor to the one operating in the limits of the traditional quantum mechanics. whose presence is lacking in the real/physical world, concerns the self-tracking: thanks to the many apps present, through the digital mediation, it is possible both to monitor and to improve the personal health. It is quite evident that beyond technological evolution there has been a profound impact, and still on-going conventional (in a certain sense) social evolution: the modern digital world we are living in, the so-called “meta-moiety” in fact, offers both objective and subjective changes in the environment where inhabitants share their lives (Cebo, 2021). It is necessary to think a future where digital information carriers become “immutable” throughout “genetic inheritance”. The personal identity in the digital environment will be part of the genetic identity, changing the notion of “bio-identity” to a radically different concept which we call Global Identity. Modern technological potential has been directed to offer such devices to the self-centred imitators as to be provided with technological artifacts able to delude the interlocutor on their own biological nature (Mohammed, 2023). The recent dissemination of the most varied smart.

References

Butler, T. (2024). A Critical Review of Digital Technology in Education: A Pause for Thought in 2024. osf.io

Caponnetto, P. & Milazzo, M (2019). Cyber Health Psychology: The use of new technologies at the service of psychologycal well being and health empowerment. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cardoso-Leite, P., Buchard, A., Tissieres, I., Mussack, D., & Bavelier, D. (2021). Media use, attention, mental health and academic performance among 8 to 12 year old children. ncbi.nlm. nih.gov

Cebo, D. (2021). Scientific Relevance and Future of Digital Immortality and Virtual Humans. [PDF]

Chen, T., Ou, J., Li, G., & Luo, H. (2024). Promoting mental health in children and adolescents through digital technology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ncbi.nlm. nih.gov

Horan, T. (2023). The Effects of Urbanization and Social Media Use on Individuals’ Perceived Social Isolation. osf.io

Ienca, M. & Malgieri, G. (2022). Mental data protec- tion and the GDPR. ncbi. nlm.nih.gov

Jusup, M., Holme, P., Kanazawa, K., Takayasu, M.,  Romic, I., Wang, Z., Gecek, S., Lipic, T., Podobnik, B., Wang, L., Luo, W., Klanjscek, T., Fan, J., Boccaletti, S., & Perc, M. (2021). Social physics. [PDF]

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Ros Bangun, Y., Pritasari, A., Budyanto Widjaja, F., Wirawan, C., Wisesa, A., & Ginting, H. (2021). Role of Happiness: Mediating Digital Technology and Job Performance Among Lecturers. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Timea Fülöp, M., Odett Breaz, T., He, X., Aurelian Ionescu, C., Silviu Cordoş, G., & Geanina Stanescu, S. (2022). The role of uni- versities’ sustainability, teachers’ wellbeing, and attitudes toward e-learn- ing during COVID-19. ncbi. nlm.nih.gov

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The paper Comprehending the Linguistic and Psychological Impact of Covid-19 discusses the common issues portraying global minds and the suffocating experiences of the masses along with the huge amount of newly discovered vocabulary the world experienced.

Keywords

Covid-19 pandemic, words, language, psychology, trauma.

Bio

Aditi B. Gaikwad is pursuing Bachelor of Arts from St. Xavier’s College Mumbai. Being 19 years old and having experienced pandemic time lockdown at home and has penned her thought about the bizzare experience during Covid in her poems and this article as well. Aditi is the Rotaract Coordinator at Navi Mumbai and also an active social worker. She is pursuing her graduation with English literature, History and Political Science.

Abstract

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic had vastly disrupted the existing global routine. Neither gigantic, nor petite countries were saved from the cruel clutches of corona. The magnitude of the issue could be easily surmised from the fact that the WHO had declared the pandemic as International Public Health Emergency. Though pandemics are not novel to humans, every of their clans, teach humanity altogether new lessons. In strict adherence to this principle, we learned myriad lessons while facing COVID-19. It was observed that, along with health, finance and social life Corona pandemic had greatly impacted human languages and human psychology. To exploring this unexplored region of the COVID-19 pandemic, this qualitative research work attempted to examine vocabulary employed in articles, social media, print media, casual conversation and in digital media. Pandemic has also left an indelible mark on the human psychology and many seem to have faced troubles deep inside. This research paper endeavors to understand the impact of COVID-19 on languages, psychology and women and children.

Introduction

Covid-19 pandemic time was the most bizarre period global citizens have experienced in recent years. Though unintended, it has left the long-lasting consequences for the present and future generations. The pandemic has undoubtedly influenced almost everything of post-pandemic. Health, education, trade, international relations, social spaces, literature, interpersonal communication and even languages have been indirectly influenced by the unwelcomed guest: Covid-19. Social distancing, virtual meeting, lockdown, social norms, teaching learning and communicative strategies were radically revamped so as to suit the need of the hour as part of preventative practices. These all-sea changes have influenced the contemporary times and will continue to influence long time from hence. The communication environment during covid-19 pandemic brought in an exhaustive list of new words thereby leaving a long-lasting incidental impact.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are as follow:

• Accentuate the global impact of Covid-19 on language and language acquisition.
• To Grasp the impact of Covid-19 on and mental health psychology.
• To learn the impact of pandemic on the lives of women.
• To offer insights on social psyche towards language and psychology during emergency.

Method

The present research work uses published research papers, various reports on Covid-19 pandemic for understanding issues. For that purpose, information is collected and collated from different websites, journals and e-contents relating to impact of Covid-19 and its farreaching impacts. For this study purpose the researcher interacted with some elderly women, men and family members. Some research papers were also used and interpreted.

Linguistic Impact

While imbibing the significance of language Dottie LeBeau writes, ‘losing the language means losing the culture. We need to know who we are because it makes a difference in who our children are.’ The inherent connections between language, cultures and social lives have been underscored by Dottie in these words. It also implies the pivotal importance of language acquisition but many children seem to have issues in language acquisition during covid- 19 pandemic. “Peer talk” is a crucial component of pragmatic development; this includes conversational skills such as turn taking and understanding the implied meaning behind a speaker’s words5 but many children lost the opportunity of interaction and language learning.

As language has a close relationship with human society, it can change over time in its development. Language can change and develop because the meaning of certain phrases changes in the context of language use (Strongman, 2017). Hence languages are extremely dynamic and active. English language during covid period experienced a considerable rise in application of a single word in extremely limited time and that word ‘Covid’ dominated the entire global discourse in the last three years. The columns in the newspaper’s magazine journals and in media everyday used coins some new terms and phrases closely related to Covid-19. Usually, any such kind of addition or formation of a new word is called as neologism which was hugely found since 2019. The exhaustive list of the newly quoined terms and the terms existed but were not in use extensively became popular since 2019. The words like viruses, SARS, human- tohuman, respiratory, self- isolation, lockdown, quarantine, non- essential travel, social distancing, ventilator, PPE kit are part of everyday life. To Papernik, “neologism is a new word or a sense of a word”. But language in totality is considered as connecting link between cultures languages and individuals to transfer information.

As the word formation is such a kind of lexical arrangement in which muffins acronym synonyms are used and created. With each passing day, more and more new English terms are used in this pandemic. The words like covidient means a person who follows all covid norms and covidiot is a person who does not follow the rules like social distancing. Selfquarantine, self-isolation, WFH, pandemic, Covaxin, Covishield, covid care centers, vaccine, virus, immunity, sanitizer, community spread, epidemic, incubation period, ventilator, virus, Tsunami of Covid-19, super spreader, transmission, lockdown, cause, new normal, death crisis, outbreak sanitizer, disinfect such kind of words were used in social media. It is also observed that these new words reflect society, culture, and contemporary traits.

Psychological Impact

The scale of the Corona-19 pandemic was so high that, as per WHO report, nearly 3 million, citizens of 133 countries lost their lives and many maneuvers of social isolation had to be employed. This community isolation globally caused so much of enormous personal psychological harm and were in grave need of caring of mental health. The transition from physical classes to online classes largely upset the lives of students and their families, posing a concealed risk to the mental well-being of children and citizens of all ages. The impact was so detrimental that many unusual complaints were received. The mental health of children has been affected by numerous ways affecting emotions, sports, social and interpersonal interactions and behavior. With regard to the children having existing psychiatric conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), nervousness, despair, mental disorders, and behavior disorders worsened.

The isolation during pandemic multiplied the vulnerability by affecting many with depression and feeling of anxiety, suicidal feeling and loneliness. The pandemic affected our thought process, unconscious and subconscious mind by arousing panic, paranoid, bias and exclusion, anger and ferocity. Not all were infected of COVID-19 pandemic, but all were plagued by the danger of the pandemic. The coronavirus crisis is the embodiment of “nameless dread” (Bion, 1962) brought many eccentric-and-never before things. The appallingly rising numbers of patients every day, the bombarding news reports on all news channels, the scary images of the health workers, lately declared called as Covid warriors, in PPE kits, the alarming what’s app videos of showing how the close family members too abandoned the dead bodies of their dear ones and these bodies were cremated by the health workers.

The pain of the street children, beggars, destitute and many unclaimed bodies were all the reports extremely nerve shattering when the whole world was locked down. The blasting details of information and misinformation almost had numbed the sensitive brains and infected with doubt and dismay without being harmed by the notorious virus. The shock of the dilapidated public health system, blunt   social   inequalities and cases of inhuman treatment of humans to   covid-affected-human, the way infected patient had to go to ambulance and trauma of being separated from the family members all lead to deep rooted psychological shock and concealed inner realities.

COVID-19 also came heavily on older population. older adults were recognized as a group at risk, and strict governmental restrictions were forced on them. But that could not control the mental health related issues of the elders. It amounted to loss   of   sleeping   hours,   reduction in daily physical activities thereby demanding more     understanding of this issue. It also has another dimension that the individuals particularly elderly, who   had chronic illnesses were at the more risk of covid-19. Having read such details also made the elderly worrier escalating the health issues. Though avoiding contamination was the most preferred solution but loneliness and separation from the family members turned out to be another issue.

Children, women who were pregnant, miscarrying or having any other health issues, and elderly people suffered the serious mental health issues during the covid-19 situation. Particularly those who had any existing health issues were more susceptible to risk. Apart from health, women also seem to have faced multi-layered issues such as lower pay at work places, losing job, and many women had to opt out of jobs and amounted household chores at home which all also multiplied the depression among women.

Conclusion

The impact of Covid-19 pandemic has been so encompassing that many research studies need to be taken up still. The present paper attempted to understand the impact of covid -19 with special reference to language, literature and mental health of women and children. The covid vocabulary emerged out of the pandemic time supplemented English language with many existing but not in much circulation and many which were coined newly. The article also focused on the mental health issue of the women and children. The double jeopardy of women at home, professions and at financial level are also looked at in this article.

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